Most Important Turning Point in WW2 Essay

There’s always a discussion or argument as to what the most important turning point in the war was. This is a very difficult question to answer because every important part of the war happened because of another important part of the war. But is there just one main turning point in the war or could there be multiple? The Battle of Britain The Battle of Britain took place between August and September 1940. After the success of Blitzkrieg, the evacuation of Dunkirk and the surrender of France, Britain, on the Western front, was by herself. The Battle of Britain was the closest British Civilians actually got to see any of the fighting in WW2. In July 1940 through to October 1940 a few thousand young men, ably backed by the British Public and the men and women of the RAF ground staff held off the mightiest Air Force assembled up to that point in time. The German Luftwaffe. On September 15th came the last major engagement of the battle. On that day, the Luftwaffe lost 60 planes while the RAF lost 28. The overall casualties amounted to Germany losing 1,100 planes whereas Britain had lost just over half that amount (650). On September 17th, Hitler cancelled the invasion of Britain. The invasion would not have been possible if the Royal Navy had been able to attack the barges; and, with the RAF in existence the Germans could not hope to attack the Royal Navy. So, no invasion took place. If Britain had lost the Battle of Britain then Britain would have almost certainly been invaded and probably conquered like the other European countries. But Britain did not lose the Battle of Britain and, so, Britain was not conquered. The continued existence of Great Britain as a fighting nation meant that†¦ Germany needed many men to garrison Western Europe rather than attack Russia because the resistance movements in the occupied countries had support from Britain. When Japan and Germany declared war on America, America, being the biggest industrial power at the time, was able to use Britain as a massive base to store all the aircraft they needed to bomb Germany. The majority of Germany`s artillery was kept back in Europe and Germany on anti-aircraft duties because of these huge bombing raids. These drains on Germany’s resources meant they were not able to conquer Russia in the quick manner needed. This led to the eventual meat  grinder of the Eastern front which swallowed so much of their army and air force. How much difference would those guns, men and ammunition have made at Stalingrad? The Battle of Britain boosted British morale through the roof. This was shown in the famous â€Å"never was so much owned by so many to so few.† Speech by Winston Churchill. The British also kicked the Axis out of Africa, forcing Hitler to send much needed supplies and men to assist the failing Afrika Korps. All of this would not have happened if the British had lost the Battle of Britain. The Enigma Code The German military used the Enigma cipher machine during WW2 to keep their communications secret. The machine was available commercially during the 1920s, but the military potential of the device was quickly realised and the German army, navy and air force all used a more developed model of the machine to encipher their messages believing that it would make these communications unsolvable to the enemy. The Enigma machine is an electro-mechanical device that relies on a series of rotating ‘wheels’ or ‘rotors’ to scramble plaintext messages into jumbled cipher text. The machine’s variable elements can be set in many billions of combinations, and each one will make a completely different cipher text message. If you know how the machine has been set up, you can type the cipher text back in and it will unscramble the message. If you don’t know the Enigma setting, the message remains indecipherable. The German authorities believed in the absolute security of the Enigma. However, with the help of Polish mathematicians who had managed to secure a machine before the outbreak of WW2, British code breakers stationed at Bletchley Park managed to exploit weaknesses in the machine and how it was used and were able to crack the Enigma code. Breaking the Enigma ciphers gave the Allies a key advantage, which, according to historians, shortened the war by two years thus saving many lives. In one specific case the team behind the Enigma code were able to inform the British 8th Army at El Alamein of an incoming attack from the Afrika corps. Stalingrad The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the most major and decisive battles of World War 2 where the Axis fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad. The battle took place between August 23, 1942 and February 2,  1943 and was fought with close-quarters combat and lack of regard for civilian casualties. It is among the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare with almost two million casualties. The German attack, led by General Paulus, to capture Stalingrad began in late summer 1942, and was supported by severe Luftwaffe bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The German offensive eventually became reduced to building-to-building fighting. Despite controlling nearly the entire city at times, the Germans were unable to shake off the last soviets clinging to their City. Both sides fought vigorously over the city and Stalin ordered his troops, â€Å"Not a step back.† The Battle for Stalingrad was rife with sniping on both sides; however the Russians us ed a tactic no other country did during the war. This tactic was the employing of female snipers on the field, which they did to great effect. By doing this, the Russian Army was able to fill their ranks further as well as raise morale of troops and civilians by reporting on the lethal effectiveness of the Soviet fighting woman. Morale was one of the most vital things a soldier could have. Without morale a soldier became ineffective and the worst thing for morale was an enemy Sniper. The presence of a sniper was usually revealed to enemy troops by a single shot, followed by the death of one of their comrades. This presented a problem to the remaining troops. Not only were they under fire from an enemy, but they could not see where this enemy was nor could they predict who would be the next victim. Additionally, if the sniper left, there was no way for the opposing men to know unless one of them left cover, and therefore risking his life. The strain of being constantly in danger was increased by the inability of the troops to strike back at the sniper, as well as their anger at the death of their fellow soldiers. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the Russian snipers, particularly Vassili Zaitsev, proved to cause so much damage to German morale and such a boost to the Russians that German High Command sent in their best sniper, a Major Koning, to hunt down and kill Zaitsev. Unfortunately for the Germans, this plan backfired, and Zaitsev killed Koning, further lifting Russian morale and dropping German fighting spirit to a new low. On 19 November 1942, the Red Army launched Operation Uranus, a two-pronged attack at the weaker Romanian and Hungarian forces protecting the German flanks. After heavy fighting, the Axis army was cut off and surrounded inside Stalingrad. Adolf Hitler’s resolute belief in  no surrender led to more loss of life. Eventually, the failure to save the German Forces and lack of supplies led to the surrender. By February 1943, Axis resistance in Stalingrad had stopped and nearly 125,000 remaining troops of the 6th Army had surrendered, the others were killed. Only 6,000 soldiers made it back home. The battle lasted 5 months, 1 week, and 3 days. It was Germany’s first major defeat. However by the end of the battle 99% of the buildings in Stalingrad were reduced to piles of rubble. â€Å"The siege of September 13, 1942 to January 31, 1943 will inspire forever the hearts of all free people. Their glorious victory stemmed the tide of invasion and marked the turning point in the war of the Allied nations against the forces of aggression.† Franklin D Roosevelt, congratulating Joseph Stalin on the soviet Victory at Stalingrad. This shows that not only did Stalingrad spread morale throughout the U.S.S.R but throughout Allied troops around the world. For the U.S.S.R Stalingrad was it. A desperate last stand against the Axis and total inhalation. Not only were there vital oil sources to the South-East but it was a battle between Stalin and Hitler themselves (considering it was Stalin’s city). After the Battle of Stalingrad Germ an forces never recovered to their earlier strength and so gave up their campaign on the USSR. It was the beginning of the end and retreat for the Axis powers in Russia. El Alamein Between 1940 and 1942, the desert war went back and forth over the north coast of Africa. After initial British success, the Afrika Korps (the German army) made a determined advance, gradually beating the British 8th Army back as far as a small town called El Alamein near the Egyptian border. At the end of the First Battle of El Alamein, the Allies suffered about 13,250 wounded, captured, missing, and killed, while the Axis suffered 17,000. The Second Battle of El Alamein marked a major turning point in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. The battle lasted from 23 October to 5 November 1942. Germany had: 30,542 casualties, 500 tanks, 254 guns, 84 aircraft. And British and other Commonwealth forces had: 13,560 casualties, 332- 500 tanks, 111 guns, 97 aircraft. After the two battles the world was convinced that the Axis powers, particularly Germany, were not invincible as this was their second major military defeat. A quarter of a million Italian and German soldiers su rrendered at El Alamein which was nearly twice the  amount that surrendered at Stalingrad four months earlier. This destroyed Italian moral completely because not only were they crushed at El Alamein, their country became the new frontline, and for Germany It was another momentous disaster. The Battle of El Alamein not only allowed total free access to the Suez Canal for Allied shipping, which was of special importance now that the war had taken on a global nature, but it also stopped the Germans from threatening the Middle-Eastern oil fields, a major supplier of Allied oil reserves. The victory, coupled with joint Allied landings in French Algiers, also finally spelled the elimination of an Axis presence in North Africa and ended the Italian dreams of a ‘new Roman Empire’. There were also strategic implications: the defeat in North Africa began the series of events that led the invasion of mainland Italy and the toppling of the Italian dictator Mussolini. This brought the Italians onto the Allies’ side and left Germany at a strategic disadvantage across the whole of the M editerranean. The North African campaign also drew German troops away from the massive battles that were taking place in the U.S.S.R. I have not included D-Day as one of the most important turning points in the war because I believe that the fact that D-Day happened means that the tide had already turned. For the Western Front the tide turned at the Battle of Britain because if Britain had been taken then: America wouldn’t have an Allied country close to Germany, the Allies wouldn’t have been able to win in North Africa and D-Day wouldn’t of been able to happen in the first place. I have also not included Pearl Harbour as a Turning point because I feel Japan only attacked the Americans at Pearl Harbour so they could destroy some of their vital ships and resources. I think they did this because they knew that war was going to break out between Japan and America at some point and so decided to jump the gun and get the upper hand. This would mean that Pearl Harbour was significant point in the war rather than a turning point. In conclusion I would say that there wasn’t a turning point as such but four main turning points that led do the downfall of Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan. These being: The Battle of Britain, The breaking of the Enigma Code, Stalingrad and El Alamein. This is because the three battles were last chance stands against the mighty German Army, and defeat would have meant loss of highly important resources, land, men and morale. Additionally if the Enigma code had not been broken the war might have raged  on for another two or three years and many more millions could have died. Bibliography http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sponsored/russianow/features/9942741/stalingrad-dates-legacy.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/ww2_summary_01.shtml http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/defeat/catastrophe-stalingrad.htm http://bbrown.umwblogs.org/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_was_so_much_owed_by_so_many_to_so_few http://stalingrad3.weebly.com/index.html http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battleofbritain.htm http://www.bletchleypark.org.uk/content/machines.rhtm

Animal Cruelty

(SLIDE 1) What would you do if you saw someone hurting an animal? Most of you probably would not know what you should REALLY do. Good morning (afternoon) to Cik Nurul, and fellow friends. Today, we will be talking to you about animal abuse and cruelty. I’m Darshini Preet; and before I go further, I would like you people to know that this presentation is mainly to educate the public and particularly young people, like you, to a sense of moral responsibility towards animals. Okay, I shall begin by uncovering the â€Å"Part One† horror of cruelty against animals. SLIDE 2) Cruelty or abuse against animals is the infliction of suffering upon animals, other than humans, for purposes other than self-defence. More narrowly, it can be harm for specific gain, such as killing animals for food or for their fur. (SLIDE 3) Specifically, I will discuss cats and dogs being abused, because they are the most abused domestic animals. Domestic means that these are types of animals you can have in your home. Who in their right mind would abuse a poor defenceless cat or dog? Unfortunately, people of all ages abuse animals. This includes senior citizens, adults, teenagers and even children. Sadly, most animal abusers and killers are teenagers. (SLIDE 4) Researchers say that violence against animals often represents displaced hostility and aggression stemming from neglect or abuse by some other family member. What that means is that if a child is abused, they are more likely to be an abuser of animals. (SLIDE 5) Serious or repeated animal cruelty is seen more often in boys than girls. Associated characteristics of a child who abuses animals may include those who do poorly in school, have low self-esteem, few friends, and are bullies who may also be known for skipping school, damaging other peoples’ property and have other bad behaviours. Adults who abuse animals may have grown up in an abusive home. Sometimes, during a divorce, one adult may take out their anger on their dog or cat, to get back at the other person. Others do it for no reason. Sadly, teenagers abuse animals for fun, even though there certainly is nothing funny about what they have done. It is the exact opposite – stupidity, irrational and wrong! That’s all from me. Thank you. Now, my friend, ___________________, will continue into the next part of the horror. (SLIDE 6) Abused cats have been beaten and even killed by their owners. One cat was burned to death by teenagers. During my research, I read of two teens that killed a total of seventeen cats. One cat was put in a microwave and was killed. Another man killed his cat by hitting it with a rake. If this doesn’t make you feel sick, I don’t know what else would. (SLIDE 7) Dogs have been abused as well. Five puppies were thrown down into an outhouse hole. Luckily, someone walking by heard their pitiful whining and they were all rescued. One man killed his mother’s dog with a hammer. Another dog was neglected and abused so badly that you could see every rib on the dog. (SLIDE 8) There are agencies and people who help to rescue animals that have been abused or abandoned. These include the SPCA, which is the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (SLIDE 9) Through researches, and articles, we found out that SPCA rescued 2669 cats in 2007. Unfortunately, in 1700 cats were put down because they were either too ill, too injured, or no one would adopt them. (SLIDE 10) The abuse and exploitation of non-human animals is pervasive throughout our society. According to the Department of Agriculture Malaysia, over 3 billion are butchered for human consumption every year, roughly 1million are suffered in laboratories, and another 5thousand are killed for their fur in Malaysia alone. (SLIDE 11) Life on Old MacDonald's farm isn't what it used to be. The cute scenes are now replaced with windowless sheds with cramped wire cages so small and tacked together is enough to drive you insane, and the conditions these animals have to go through are accepted when you are eating them, but if anything like that happened to your dog or cat you'd be thrown in jail for animal cruelty; and that of course would only happen in the USA. (SLIDE 12) Chickens and turkeys raised for meat are raised in crowded, disgusting cages until they are to die. Th ey are bred to become so big so fast that they can hardly move due to painful bone conditions. Many just drop dead from the strain on their underdeveloped hearts. Egg-laying hens are packed into wire cages that are so small to the point that they can't even lift their wings. Their feet never touch the ground, unless they have been dropped off of the conveyor belt right before meeting their death. They never get to peck for food or be happy. Instead they are forced to live in wire cages in a cold, frustrated shed. Frustrated hens will peck at their cage mates, so in order for them to prevent them from killing one another, farmers use hot blades to slice off their beaks, and sometimes parts of their tongues and even faces get cut off too! SLIDE 13) For every egg-laying hen confined in a cage, there's a male chick that was killed at the hatchery. Since egg-laying breeds have been exclusively selected for maximum production, they don't grow large enough to be raised for profitable meat. Therefore, male chicks of egg-laying breeds are of no value. When they hatch, male chicks are thrown into a dumpster to starve, or they are ground up alive. (SLIDE 14) Cattle that are being used for your steak and hamburgers are branded, their horns cut off, and are castrated; all without painkillers. Painful thought, isn't it? Why would proper veterinary care be given, when they are just going to die anyways? Lameness doesn't affect the meat. (SLIDE 15) Dairy cows get electric machines hooked up to their swollen udders around three times a day! Male claves are shipped off to veal farms after they are born, where they live their lives on short chains is putrid stalls where they can't turn around. They're kept in isolation and fed nutrient-deficient foods so that their flesh will be tender and pale when they are served as â€Å"gourmet† dishes. (SLIDE 16) Factory farm pigs spend their lives in crowded pens with concrete floors. Like birds, the pigs are drugged and bred to grow so large so fast, many can't walk. Baby boys are too castrated, and all piglets’ tails and teeth are removed so they can't bite each other while they are being raised to die. Honestly, I don't want to go into detail how these animals get killed, because it is extremely disturbing, but it is an extreme cause for concern on the subject of animal cruelty. These animals are tortured and slaughtered most that are still conscious. Would you want to look down at your cheeseburger or chicken nuggets knowing that they were tortured and butchered all while being conscious? Could you still enjoy that food? (SLIDE 17) Every year millions of animals are blinded, shocked, poisoned, mutilated, and even killed in laboratories across the world. Dogs, cats, mice, rats, and primates are all victims of horrific experiments that eventually cost them their lives. Every year, millions of animals suffer and die in painful tests to determine the â€Å"safety† of cosmetics and household products. Substances ranging from eye shadow to furniture polish are tested on rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, dogs, and several other animals, despite the fact that the test results do not help prevent or treat human illness or injury. SLIDE 18) Fur is seen as a luxury amongst the wealthy. Most people don’t know the lengths taken to trap and skin these gorgeous creatures for an impractical coat such as the ones you see at designer stores. Fur trapping is a barbaric activity done to supply people with a fur coat. The suffering is multiplied when one considers that an average of 40 animals must be killed to make one fur coat. (SLIDE 19) Is it worth your hamburgers, chicken nuggets, eye shadow, and frivolous fur coats to know that billions of animals are being killed every year for them? So when you go home today, I hope you will think about what we have told you, and the least you can give to your pet is an extra pat or hug to show them how much you love them. (SLIDE 20) Hopefully, from today, all of us will instill some sense of humanitarianism in your hearts, towards these innocent creations of GOD†¦ Thank you. – My time ends here. I’ll pass this on to____________________. Thank you. – Okay, I’m done for now. Thanks for listening. I’d like to call upon ______________________ to reveal another ridiculously, despicable inflict acted upon animals these days. Alright, I shall let ________________________ to take over the rest of the presentation. Thank you for your time. Now, we would like to play 2 of our selected video clips related to our topic- Animal Cruelty. By the way, here’s a WARNING – the second video contains graphic images that you viewers may find very disturbing. We hope you guys can watch it; or else , please turn away and plug both of your ears tight! We show these videos with the sole intention of raising awareness of how animals are treated in certain parts of the world. Thank you for your attention. Animal Cruelty Animal Cruelty Introduction: I. Did you know that nearly 1 million animals a year are victims of animal cruelty? This can contain not only abuse, but a lot of deaths. You often here the saying a dog is a man’s best friend. While if a dog is a man’s best friend why would we want to hurt or even kill them? These things lead me to the question†¦ II. How do we stop animal cruelty? Here in South Dakota, there are animal protection laws that protect the animals from things like neglect, starvation, and abuse. III. We must fully understand the causes and effects as far as the care that is being made for these animals.Once we fully understand these things, we can prevent abuse and neglect furthermore. IV. Today I am going to tell you about The Animals Protection Laws of South Dakota. Transition: The first thing I want to bring up is the general prohibitions of this law. I. There are many laws and prohibitions that are enforced in the state of South Dakota that help to proh ibit animal cruelty a. The First prohibition is giving unreasonable care to an animal even if they have a disease, injury, or disability. b. The Second Prohibition is the poisoning of an animal, whether it be one’s own animal or an animal owned by someone else. . The Third Prohibition is the killing or injuring of one’s own animal or an animal owned by someone else. d. The Fourth, and the last, Prohibition, is the inhumane treatment of an animal. Transition: The next thing that I want to talk about is the maximum penalties for committing such crimes. II. There are many penalties for animal cruelty crimes. They are divided into 2 classes which are authorized upon conviction: a. For a class 1 misdemeanor the penalty would be one year imprisonment in a county jail or two thousand dollars fine, or both. b.For a class 2 misdemeanor the penalty would be thirty days imprisonment in a county jail or five hundred dollars fine, or both. Transition: The last stage is the Law Enfo rcement Policies III. South Dakota Law Enforcement Policy holds a strict standard. The enforcement policies are as follows: a. The South Dakota Animal Industry Board shall address any animal endangerment situations and enforce the law on any concerning cattle, horses, sheep, swine and other nonlivestock animals. b. The board or any officer of a humane society may administer oaths, take statements, access papers and other documents in order to justify the situation. . Law enforcement and animal control agencies may enforce animal control. Officers may request that law enforcement arrest suspects of people who do not abide by the law. Transition: As you can see South Dakota holds high policies regarding animal cruelty and these enforcements help maintain healthy living for these animals. Here’s a video of some animals that have experienced abuse and cruelty first hand. Video Conclusion: I. Sadly, no matter what the prohibitions and laws are, there’s no way to fully avoid animal cruelty and it can often be overlooked.However, with these laws, it can help limit the amount of animals that are abused or die because of cruelty. II. As I’ve discussed, animal cruelty is a concerning problem for not only the state of South Dakota, but everywhere. a. It has many causes ranging from abuse to neglect, or eventual death b. Its effects can provide a saddening outcome, such as the loss of a pet or jail time. c. Fortunately, we can help prevent this by taking good care of our animals. and reporting suspicious instances. III. What I’ve discussed should give you insight on how to avoid animal cruelty and make for a better tomorrow for animals all around the world. Animal Cruelty PETA, or â€Å"{People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals† is the largest animal rights organization in the world. Along with their website, www. cowsarecool. com, PETA and it’s two million followers help spread awareness through education, special events, and even celebrity involvement. They believe animals are here to help the world by means other than food, clothing, and entertainment. Farm animals, are of course, vital to the meat industry. PETA believes that the animals sent to slaughterhouses, are just as compassionate and intelligent as our very own furry friends. These animals endure harsh conditions, negligence, and mutilation. According to PETA, completely cutting out meat to prevent animal cruelty is the way to go. The vegan lifestyle is also said to provide all the necessary nutrients minus the fats and cholesterol and could potentially add ten years to your life. Majority of leather comes from fur farms in developing countries where animals spend every day suffering from extremely miserable, poor living conditions. Not only that, but they’re killed in the cruelest of ways; Suffocation, electrocution, gassing, and poisoning are the main forms of methods. PETA recently did an investigation in India to find that cows even have their tails broken and chili peppers and tobacco rubbed into their eyes so that they will walk after they collapse while traveling long distances to be skinned alive. PETA says, â€Å"With so many fashionable, comfortable options available today, there is no excuse for wearing any animal skins. † Circus animals are encouraged to do silly, physically demanding tricks in exchange for dirty, small living spaces, plus a minimal supply of food and water. The animals’ need are usually last simply because businesses are all about money. If they don’t do as they are told, beatings, whippings, and shocks from an electric collar are in store for them. PETA feels that even those kept in zoos, rodeos, and marine parks aren’t living the life they deserve and determined to get animals out of the entertainment business. The PETA website seemed very well organized and thought out. Even though a bit persuasive, I’ll unfortunately be a carnivore until the day I die. I will, nevertheless, watch out more for those certain clothing materials derived from animal skin. I don’t agree, however, with their opinion on animals used for entertainment purposes- most animals love and value their trainers and are actually very spoiled, happy and healthy animals who aren’t mistreated. Animal Cruelty Animal Cruelty Introduction: I. Did you know that nearly 1 million animals a year are victims of animal cruelty? This can contain not only abuse, but a lot of deaths. You often here the saying a dog is a man’s best friend. While if a dog is a man’s best friend why would we want to hurt or even kill them? These things lead me to the question†¦ II. How do we stop animal cruelty? Here in South Dakota, there are animal protection laws that protect the animals from things like neglect, starvation, and abuse. III. We must fully understand the causes and effects as far as the care that is being made for these animals.Once we fully understand these things, we can prevent abuse and neglect furthermore. IV. Today I am going to tell you about The Animals Protection Laws of South Dakota. Transition: The first thing I want to bring up is the general prohibitions of this law. I. There are many laws and prohibitions that are enforced in the state of South Dakota that help to proh ibit animal cruelty a. The First prohibition is giving unreasonable care to an animal even if they have a disease, injury, or disability. b. The Second Prohibition is the poisoning of an animal, whether it be one’s own animal or an animal owned by someone else. . The Third Prohibition is the killing or injuring of one’s own animal or an animal owned by someone else. d. The Fourth, and the last, Prohibition, is the inhumane treatment of an animal. Transition: The next thing that I want to talk about is the maximum penalties for committing such crimes. II. There are many penalties for animal cruelty crimes. They are divided into 2 classes which are authorized upon conviction: a. For a class 1 misdemeanor the penalty would be one year imprisonment in a county jail or two thousand dollars fine, or both. b.For a class 2 misdemeanor the penalty would be thirty days imprisonment in a county jail or five hundred dollars fine, or both. Transition: The last stage is the Law Enfo rcement Policies III. South Dakota Law Enforcement Policy holds a strict standard. The enforcement policies are as follows: a. The South Dakota Animal Industry Board shall address any animal endangerment situations and enforce the law on any concerning cattle, horses, sheep, swine and other nonlivestock animals. b. The board or any officer of a humane society may administer oaths, take statements, access papers and other documents in order to justify the situation. . Law enforcement and animal control agencies may enforce animal control. Officers may request that law enforcement arrest suspects of people who do not abide by the law. Transition: As you can see South Dakota holds high policies regarding animal cruelty and these enforcements help maintain healthy living for these animals. Here’s a video of some animals that have experienced abuse and cruelty first hand. Video Conclusion: I. Sadly, no matter what the prohibitions and laws are, there’s no way to fully avoid animal cruelty and it can often be overlooked.However, with these laws, it can help limit the amount of animals that are abused or die because of cruelty. II. As I’ve discussed, animal cruelty is a concerning problem for not only the state of South Dakota, but everywhere. a. It has many causes ranging from abuse to neglect, or eventual death b. Its effects can provide a saddening outcome, such as the loss of a pet or jail time. c. Fortunately, we can help prevent this by taking good care of our animals. and reporting suspicious instances. III. What I’ve discussed should give you insight on how to avoid animal cruelty and make for a better tomorrow for animals all around the world.

Millennium Travel Corporation

Millennium Travel Corporation (MTC) travel agency plans to become a market leader by augmenting its human travel agents with an automated travel agent system for processing flight reservations. The automated travel agent will intermediate between travelers and the MTC corporate computing system, which interfaces with commercial airline reservation services (e.g., SABRE). Like a human travel agent, it will assist travelers in booking, changing, and canceling flight reservations. If, for any reason, a traveler making a flight reservation travel request prefers human assistance, she will have the option to interact directly with a human travel agent. The MTC automated travel agent system will process a wide range of flight reservation service requests. These include, but are not limited to: †¢inquiring about flights and airfares,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢making, changing, and canceling traveler profiles and accounts, †¢booking, changing, confirming, and canceling flight reservations, †¢generating travel itineraries. Service Request Transaction A user with a valid system account and a valid travel account logs in to the system, requests to book a flight reservation, selects a flight, selects a payment method, and specifies delivery services for the flight tickets and travel itineraries. The system will accommodate both individual and corporate traveler accounts for domestic and international flight reservation travel requests. System Requirements The travel agent system must be capable of providing fast, accurate, and courteous (â€Å"user friendly†) services for all requests supported. The system must be able to: †¢answer inquiries about flights and fares,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢generate, modify, and cancel traveler profiles and travel accounts, †¢make, change, complete, and cancel reservations,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢obtain payment method and verify traveler credit line,  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢generate travel itineraries and arrange for delivery of flight tickets and flight itineraries. Types of ticket delivery services include: mail, courier, and airport pick-up; types of itinerary delivery services include mail, fax, e-mail. Future Capabilities While at first the system will specialize in ticketing airline reservations, in the future it is expected to be able to: 1)Make hotel and rental car reservations. 2)Issue â€Å"ticketless† reservations. For example, â€Å"ticketless† flight reservations will work as follows: travel agents making flight reservations will issue travelers confirmation numbers (and not a ticket). At the airline gate the traveler will show photo identification and the gate agent will locate the flight reservation and issue a boarding pass.

Global prespective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global prespective - Essay Example The country observes a blend of common and Sharia laws, but the latter are only applied in family law and punishment of various grave crimes. The country has been described as one of the most stable Middle Eastern economies with a relatively good security situation. Since the Gulf War in which the country was involved, Qatar has been a peaceful haven for business activities in the area. The government plays a huge role in the determination of what businesses should or should not run. The government has in recent times executed heavy censorship in the liquor and food businesses to the point of being authoritarian where different liquor businesses have been closed and no explanation offered for the same. Other businesses have, however, been running independently. The country has good bilateral relationships with the United States and there are many US companies operating in the area, hence it will be easy to establish our operations. American workers and companies face a little discrim ination in the country as the country's leadership attempts to maintain a pious image elsewhere while projecting the West as corrupt. There are, however, no incidences of extreme fundamentalism. Economic Systems and Situation Qatar's economy is hugely oil-based. The country has huge oil reserves that are estimated to continue at least for another century. The country has attempted to diversify from petroleum although it still accounts for more than 50% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. The country embraces the ideals of free trade with limitation to business enterprises that have a connection with the Sharia law. The country has an effective tertiary industry with easily accessible banking and insurance services. The Qatar financial center affords financial institutions globally competitive services, capital support and interest free loans (â€Å"World's Richest Countries†). The country has a cheap and efficient road transport owing to the low prices of petroleum and a word-class road network. Communication is as well developed with good Internet and telephone coverage. The country has a good number of local and international media stations. Labor Laws The government prohibits labor unions and industrial strikes. There are also unfair working relations where migrant workers are paid less than citizens for the same job qualification. This has led to issues that affect companies in the region negatively as they follow payment schemes in the same way that the government does. Purchasing Power Qatar is the richest country in the world in terms of GDP per capita. The business magazine Forbes ranked Qatar 1st in 2010 GDP per Capita in 2010 and reported that the country recorded 19 per cent economical growth, which was the highest in the year in the world. Increase in exports of liquefied oil, natural gas, petrochemicals, and diversification of products in related industries are credited for this. In terms of human development, Qatar is the second-highe st in the Middle East and North Africa region, only second to the U.A.E. In 2009, United States made its fifth-largest export in the Middle East in Qatar, surpassing earlier more favorite export markets such as the U.A.E., Saudi Arabia, Israel, and Egypt (â€Å"World's Richest Countries†). Cocona Fabrics, established in the late 2005, has come up with fast-drying fabrics that effectively protect against ultraviolet rays and manage sweat and other

Olympia, ancient game effect art and religion and vice versa Research Paper

Olympia, ancient game effect art and religion and vice versa - Research Paper Example These religious rituals ultimately transformed into Olympic Games1. Nothing exactly can be said about the occurrence of the first Olympic Games. However, it is believed that Olympic Games were held first time in 776 B.C. To some extent, Olympic Games helped to change the war-like situation among the city states into a temporary peace as Sparta, the most aggressive city state, used to lull sending its warriors into battle until the games are over. This tradition was followed by other city states in true letter and spirit. Surprisingly, women had been forbidden to take part in the games. Death penalty was awarded to them even if they watched these games. However, in 396 B.C., a woman from Rhodes broke this tradition by watching Olympic Games. According to narrated story, his husband died before the event and hence she prepared her son for the boxing competition. She watched the game of her son in disguised as man but caught after jubilant shouts. Her death penalty was pardoned as a special case. Milo of Croton was considered as the greatest athlete of ancient games. He won the wrestling crown six times in 500 B.C. It is narrated that he was so powerful that he used to carry a full grown bull on his shoulders. Artists from all over the Greek used to witness the event. The famous Greek poet, Pindar wrote many odes narrating the capabilities and potential of the winners of the game. The buildings which were constructed in Olympia portrayed the rich heritage of Greek architecture2. There was a strong relationship among Olympic Games, religion and art in ancient times as well as in modern day of the games. The charter of modern Olympic Games coined a term ‘Olympism’ that it defines as â€Å"a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind†. Thus, the term ‘Olympism’ describe a religion without divinity3. The Olympic Games in Greek were being played with

Ambiguity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ambiguity - Essay Example It seems that the context for which ambiguity is expressed is the main deciding factor in its impact. Its impact should be judged on presumed results of that expression. If we consider the advertising industry, people often feel that the nature of advertising in the postmodern era needs ambiguous presentation at times to attract multitude of audience. They feel that ambiguous advertising can attract more audience while satisfying orthodox thinkers about the presentation nature of a product or service. For example, if we consider the marketing of a product that is treated as unconventional, ambiguous advertising can serve two purposes. Firstly, a viewer can get impressed by the appealing presentation of the product and more inclined towards acquiring the product (The Ambiguity of Advertising, 2008). Secondly, this nature helps in attracting multiple audiences with different perceptions (The Ambiguity of Advertising, 2008). It helps respective company and/or advertising agencies to defend their marketing strategy in case of any controversies. Moreover, the ambiguous presentation aids in attracting vast audience with minimal and intelligent investment. However, this attitude may sometimes backfire with its enormous negative consequences (The Ambiguity of Advertising, 2008). The reasons for it can be related to the same factors that hill attracting more customers. Lack of clarity in advertising the intended benefits of a product or service leads to confusion for the audience whether or not to opt for its service. Also, people who misinterpret or identify exactly the actual purpose of the advertisement may feel reluctant to acquire it. With the advancements in technologies and change of various dimensions in the world, the level of ambiguity at various levels has increased dramatically over the years (Alessandra, 2001). This nature has

Criminal Justice Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Justice Research - Essay Example Internal validity is used initially in the crime investigation research process. The decision to support the valid facts by any variable inclusion or exclusion is termed as internal validity while its implementation is the external validity. In other words external validity refers to those results which have very strong results of internally valid tests. (Farrington et al, 2002, p. 13) On the other hand reliability is all those measures which are utilized to achieve and repeat the same set of results acquired in validity. Reliability guarantees and confirms the valid tests to be used ever again in criminal data analysis and findings. Example: Taking all the security measures to prevent women trafficking among rural and urban population may or may not generalize the problem because of the reason that the two populations are clearly different. Therefore the thing that concerns is that women trafficking crime measures in both the populations reacts differently. This can be achieved by testing those measures differently. In case a preventive measure is set in both the populations, its validity would be determined once according to their populations. Afterwards its reliability could be measured each time the standard results meet the acquired 'validity'. The main difference between a valid measure and relia