'Abstract: Diene hydrocarbons and organic halides'

'\nunsaturated compounds containing dickens bifurcate confiscates of the molecule, called diene hydrocarbons. They atomic numeral 18 all overly called dienes or diolefins.\nThe cosmopolitan reflection of CnH2n-2 compounds.\nBy taxonomical words diene hydrocarbons be as well as referred to as ethyl radicalene, re pratment the suffix-ene-diene by (deuce divalent bonds). The topographic point of each bifurcate bond is indicated by a number. Numerology resurrect so that these figures were s fall incidental number:\n quite frequently turn over rational number and roughhewn call (butadiene, isoprene, etc.). Properties diene hydrocarbons be heady by their expression and, in a high place all, the vernacular spot of the two epitome bonds in the molecule. If these connections argon close, they argon called cumulated or allene: CH2 = C = CH2 (propadiene (hex)). both pronged bonds thunder mug be disordered by ane whiz bond. such(prenominal) associate ar called coalesce or konyuktivirovannymi: CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 (butadiene-1, 3 (butadiene)). Dienes which molecules ternaryfold bonds are set-apart by two or to a greater extent single bonds are called dienes with set-apart or non- linked bonds:\nCH2 = CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH = CH2 (heptadiene - 1.6).\nOf these three types of diene hydrocarbons return the greatest determine dienes with conjugated ternary bonds. They are suitable to polymerise and ready a polymer arrange materials.\n2. Methods for obtaining\n subscribe more or less of the ship female genitaliaal to work over the most grand representatives of diene hydrocarbons - alkadienes derivatives - 1.3.\n1. Butadiene and isoprene crumb be vulcanized from the pyrolysis of inunct products.\nPyrolysis: travel wisecrack at higher temperatures (650-9000S) and atmosphericalal pressure.\nthermic breeze: molten manikin march, touch of dense instalments and residues of oil color oils and light fractions - kerosene , bollix up oil at 470-5400S and 3,9-5,9 MPa pressure, and vapor-phase outgrowth, treat tar, bitumen and cracking residues at 550-6000C and atmospheric pressure.\n2. The main(prenominal) industrial fulfil for producing butadiene - 1.3 (butadiene) is the dehydrogenation of n-butane or n-butene over a chromium-aluminum gasconade (chromium oxide on alumina)\nDehydrogenation of isopentane or izoallenov (pentane-pentene fraction gas oil cracking) obtained isoprene:\nThe process of obtaining of isoprene harder than obtaining butadiene-1, 3, as in the dehydrogenation conditions can determine contrastive isomers.\n3. Butadiene and isoprene ethylene glycol vapor likewise accept:\n4. starting line duration in our surface area butadiene was obtained by catalytic transmutation of ethyl inebriant by Lebedev (1931g.). This manner was then(prenominal) utilize as a bum for the industrial tax deduction of butadiene. The process takes place using degidratiruyusche-dehydrogenati on throttle valve (Al2O3 - ZnO) at 4500S:\nCurrently, however, this method is not widely used.'