My understanding of counselling PCA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My understanding of counselling PCA - Essay ExampleTo answer the move in some detail, let us go back to the antecedents of counselling. Traditionally, people suffering from extreme abnormalities in thought and behaviour, unable to live resourcefully, were seen as mentally ill, and either isolated and/or were toughened by psychiatrists using psychotropic medication. However, the vast majority of those identified as suffering from some caseful of mental disorder did not require hospitalisation, or drug treatment throughout their recovery phase. What they needful was psychotherapy, described as talking cures, where characteristically psychoanalysis held sway during the early part of the 20th century, until behavioural and cognitive therapies became more prevalent. Increasingly, psychoanalysis could not be justified not only on scientific grounds, but also on cost and length of treatment. It gave way to cognitive behavioural therapies modelled on culture theory based on Pavlovian cl assical conditioning and Skinnerian operant conditioning. Those who sought or needed such psychotherapeutic interventions were patients, and, conversely, those who treated them were drawn from the medical profession. In addition to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists in hospital settings also became providers in the care of these patients. Counselling evolved as an intervention outside the medical mount offered by practitioners drawn from disciplines other than strictly within the medical establishment. An inability to cope with ordinary ordinary life increasingly devoid of traditional supporting mechanisms of family, church (orthodox religion), and community, mostly in industrialised societies, left wing a growing populace vulnerable to psychological stress. Counselling therefore, happens to be a much broader innovation than psychotherapy (or simply temed therapy) which evolved from more existential, philosophical and humanistic roots. Those who sought help from counsellors w ere not identified as patients. Not only were individuals seeking greater well-being catered for, but those seeking help in particularized contexts such as careers counselling and marriage guidance counselling meant that there was no longer a stigma attached to counselling. Indeed the origin of the very term counselling is ascribed to Frank Parsons (1909) at the rise of the twentieth century who initiated help for young people with problems in finding suitable employment. Today, there is a continuum of helping interventions that range from intensive psychotherapy through counselling, to co-counselling, and to life coaching, where practitioners range from medical specialists to those drawn from alter walks of life, but with appropriate and recognised counsellor training. The relationship between the counsellor and the counselled is one of equality. The counsellor does not set him/herself up as an expert. The client is the expert on him/herself. The counsellor explores with the cou nselled, options elicited during the counselling process. By meeting at regular intervals the counsellor helps the counselled to commit to agreed upon courses of action gently but securely holding him/her responsible for the outcome. Counselling is a burgeoning profession and the recognition afforded its mainstream practitioners is a testament to its enduring value. It is necessary to look more closely at the theoretical underpinnings of the practice of counselling. A recent analysis of the

If you were about to become the ruler of your own country, which parts Essay

If you were about to become the ruler of your own country, which parts of Niccolo Machiavellis The Prince with Related Document - Essay good exampleIn establishing the structural dimensions of the text, Machiavelli makes a number of key indicating factors. In terms of my own personal rule, an subdivision I recognize as applicable to contemporary world is when Machiavelli states, a new ruler lead need to establish himself in defiance of custom (Machiavelli, pg. 20). When considering the rule of my own nation or region, I believe that it is important to establish a number of elements that run counter to traditional custom. Its recognizable that extreme examples of this argon demonstrated in North Korea and some Middle Eastern nations however, my government societal structure would attempt to develop a cooperative means of interaction with other nations, while advancing a number of anti-conformist nonions of government. For instance, my government structure would attempt to reduc e the emphasis on war, and grant a to a greater extent liberal social policy. Another important element Machiavelli addresses in the Prince is the nature of reforming new laws and elements of existing orders. In these regards Machiavelli sees tremendous risk, but also recognizes that such practices are necessary. In these regards, he indicates that new orders are formal through force, and then gain continuity through reference to virtue. When considering laws in the contemporary world, its light-headed that nations use reference to virtue in many instances to uphold the viability of the laws. Within the United States, reference is tending(p) to the founding fathers who outlined the constitution in Israel this is seen as the state references traditional Biblical tradition in establishing laws and social order. I recognize that as a neophyte ruler I forget countenance to develop a reference to virtue that will aid in the establishment of laws and various giving medication facto rs. In these regards, my government structure will be greatly influenced by the transcendental thought of Ralph Waldo Emerson and total heat David Thoreau. In addition to supplying a view of the universe that is accepting of scientific principles, these thinkers also present a wide variety of thought on the nature of laws and social order. In addition to these thinkers, the social laws will refer to intellectual elements in establishing virtue. While Plato speaks of a philosopher king, my new nation will not run on democratic principles, but rather function through an intellectual elite that will determine the shape of society. This concept of governance is more like the United States Supreme Court than the congressional House of Representatives. In addition to these major elements, there are a few cursory elements that I would adopt in my rule. In terms of succession, Machiavelli indicates that individuals who gain power through simple appointment are weak and have a difficult tim e retaining this power. To counteract this element, my government will have a rigorous selection process wherein I will appoint my successor. In terms of tax structure, Machiavelli indicates that alike rigorous a structure will cause the people to revolt while too escaped a structure will result in problematic issues for the country. Therefore, my government will take a generally conservative tax structure, wherein rather than attempting to appeal to the people through generosity, the government will guard duty against the peoples resentment. In these regards, the general approach to governance will not be to to a fault appease the populace, but rather to ensure they are moderately happy and do not

Employment of the Troops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employment of the Troops - Essay ExampleThe operations are majorly in Pakistan, Iraq and Afghanistan among other(a)s (Borgwardz 81-5). Indeed the states are spending a lot on military operations. The spending is based on salaries of the soldiers and at the sane time weapons used during wars not to forget humanitarian service. If war comes to an end and soldier brought back home then this go out mean a lot. The expenditure on war will reduce and more money will be in treasury. With more funds that will be saved, the US can generate a paradigm shift. The soldiers will not be apparently resting in the barracks or on the nose confined in the states because there is peace. The soldiers can be do to provide go that are productive to the states and at the same time helps in strengthening economic pillars of the people. The soldiers as is know are specialist in other sectors of economy. They can be taken back to there areas of metier to ensure that the states have the maximum number of employees in each sector. This will ensure that there is aptitude in service delivery. Other military officers can be given technical training to tempt in industries. The saved money will be used to export raw materials from there sources and be brought to industries. New industries can be established with an aim of producing commodities that are currently being exported by US (Pine 89-92). By doing this, the states will be producers than consumers and enjoy all be benefits the producers enjoy. They will be exporting and earning irrelevant exchange at the same time they will be creating opport conformity for money generation. Other soldiers whitethorn also be trained in research and innovation. In the field of research they will be doing exploration on the possible and potential areas that the United State has not exploited. With this they will be expanding the background signal and horizon of the level of research and technology of the states. It will make the states to go on way in terms of resources utilization. The military officers having been exposed to several civilizations overseas have knowledge from all corners of the world the go through they have gained may be tapped to improve the United State and to see how they rank as compared to other countries of the different regions of the world (Oatis 800-9). In the attempt to integrate ideas from different places, the states will be indeed guide in terms of globalization and it will reflect all civilization in the world. With that the philosophy of unity amidst diversity will be embodied in the states. Having been exposed to several spheres of lives the US soldiers may be shifted to humanitarian services. They can be advocators for humans to accept every human being for plainly just being another human being, ignoring and abolishing biased social views, prejudiced view points or mind sets. In there advocacy, they should campaign for ethics, kindness, benevolence, sympathy and other accepted virt ues to guide human life. This will go along way in perpetuating peace in the world and creating employment for the soldiers who will be doing this on a volition basis. Instead of attacking countries in wars, US soldiers can shift to provide aid or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes typically on response to humanitarian crisis including natural disasters and man made disasters. This will change there distorted image on war and give them a pricy admirable public reputation that US will be the epitome of peace and good neighborhood. They should have a primary

Twelfth Night and The Winter's Tale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

twelfth part darkness and The Winters Tale - Essay ExampleThese fools be not used for entertainment purpose only when and suggesting that they were frequently employed by Shakespeare to provide a comedic relief to the audience from dark heaviness of the important action is empty mockery. However, this much is also true that in most Shakespearean plays it seems as if the pellets of clowns are almost strategically placed after particularly violent or dark scenes. The purpose of this canvas is to contemplate the role of clowns in two very popular comedies by Shakespeare namely Twelfth Night and The Winters Tale to analyze if clowning is employed merely for comic relief or it also works to convey the message of the dramas. Feste is the name of clown who appears in Twelfth Night and is curiously favored by Olivia who is the very beautiful countess and has given Feste full authority to cross boundaries and say whatever he likes (LitCharts) understanding his knack for humor and in tellect. But, is Feste used by Shakespeare to make jokes alone(predicate) which have no deep meaning to them or convey no meaning as suggested by some critics that clowns are mainly used to provide comic relief? The answer is a clear no because in the beginning of the play when Olivia is introduced terrifically grieving over her dead br some opposite and displaying no signs of moving on with life, Feste makes a very bold gesture by telling Olivia to quite her mopping location which has actually become quite ridiculous. He does not only make silly or shallow remarks slightly the way she cries or stays melancholic, besides illustrates a very important message of life by claiming that it is not him but Olivia who is acting like the real fool wasting all her energy in mourning instead of concentrating on her life. This critically important statement is made by no other character but Feste which suggests that the role of clowns is used by Shakespeare in his plays to both calm the r eaders and highlight the weaknesses of other characters which are other knowing untouchable and cannot be reproached by anyone. In addition to that, he also thinks that witty criticism is his prized prerogative. So, he is frequently seen driving others mad particularly Olivias greedy and wasteful uncle toby Belch who is one of the favorite targets of Feste. Given the nature of his brilliant criticism and the way he inking pad with acute intelligence into dark aspects of other serious-natured characters, this much is obvious that Feste is no ordinary fool but an exceptionally smart jester who is a genius with punning. Viola (Cesario), another heroine of the play, describes Feste as the wisest cat in the play. Why would Feste be described as the wisest cat in town were his job cracking jokes alone as assumed by some critics to provide comedic relief from tension of the main plot? In fact, he is described in this manner by others because his intellect of smart wordplay is secret to n one and everybody, even those who resent him like Olivias uncle, acknowledge the brainpower of this enormously powerful Shakespearean clown. He not only picks on the clear weaknesses of others around him, but also has a real endowment for shrewdly observing grave or serious situations (Geraghty). He makes people laugh over his wise puns and also makes a good living out of it. He accurately measures the ridiculousness of the starting scene where Olivia is dressed up like a nun for grieving purpose and mockingly characterizes her silly attitude as plain unnecessary and stupid

Business studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business studies - Essay ExampleDiversity was not encouraged neither welcome. However, organizations skyline diversity at workplace as a positive sign and they even take heed to countersink themselves as the champions of diversity. Minority groups argon no longer forced to fit-in, in particular, organizations make an effort to guess their culture and background to deal with them in harmony (Ham, Shams & Madden, pp. 60-64, 2004). This paper is an attempt to look at how an American businessperson can reach the same wavelength as his Saudi Arabian counterpart while relations with him regarding business issues. This paper will take use of the classic research of Hofstede and Trompenaars in order to look for lesson for the American businessperson as in to understand the Saudi Arabian culture. Discussion Despite the fact that the entire world is quickly moving away from traditional concepts in all occupations, Saudi Arabia is hush one of those countries, which have remained as the oretic Islamic monarchy. This heart that the concept of religious freedom does not exist even in its theoretical form. The constitution of Saudi Arabia assumes that all the citizens are Muslims, however, it does not prevent from being a non-Muslim. However, of import here to note is that every expression of any religion, other than Islam, in public is taken as misappropriate behavior in public (Shoult, pp. 89-96, 2006). Furthermore, even if someone is fix to be following any other religion even in their private lives inside their homes, police force has all the right to break in, arrest, and punish those individuals. In fact, there is an entire committee of officers with the name of mission for the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice, which takes the responsibility of application of Shariah Laws on every individual (Morrison & Conaway, pp. 69-74, 2006). Therefore, this means many different things. Nothing can take place, which is not in line with Islam. There are ma ny examples. For example, no liquor would be tolerated even for celebration of a business deal or successful completion of a project. Women cannot wear revealing or tight dresses, in fact, it necessary for women to book binding their bodies. Furthermore, a considerable distance is important to keep between men and women during their work and conservations. While meetings, it is best(predicate) not to make any comment on the women, which are more than 12 years of age, of the family of the Saudi counterpart. Conversations should start with Islamic greeting line, which is As-salam alaikum, and the reply shall be Waf alaikum as-salam (Ham, Shams & Madden, pp. 60-64, 2004). One of the biggest problems that western businesspersons face while relations with Saudi people is regarding the conception of snip. There is a huge difference between the value, perception, importance, and concept of time in both of these cultures. In western cultures, time is equivalent to money, a very crucial resource, important to use it fully and do not waste any of it. Business meetings have fixed timings and participants try their level best to ensure that meetings must start at the specific time. Anyone who is late is considered as lazy, lethargic, rude, arrogant, careless, unreliable and offensive (Shoult, pp. 89-96, 2006). People do not prefer to wait for each since waiting for someone has the meaning, which any

Up dates on the mental disorder panic disorder with agoraphobie (PDA) Essay

Up dates on the mental disorder timidity disorder with agoraphobie (PDA) - Essay ExampleHelpGuide (2006) identifies the general treatments as cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, or a combine of the two. Little is known on the recent developments on the study of these existing treatments. This paper whence will attempt to evaluate some recent studies or new investigations that researchers have come up with to gain knowledge on the nature of PDA and its treatments.National Institute of Mental Health says that there are approximately 2.4 million of American adults having panic disorder within the age group of 18 to 54 years. Which is about 1.7 percent of people in this age group and about one tercet of this population have agoraphobia (as cited in Helpguide, 2006). Symptoms of this disorder feature physical symptoms like shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitations, nausea or abdominal distress that are brought on by incidents that bring intense fear of being alone, death an d losing control in a public place. People with this particular panic disorder try to overturn or endure circumstances which they know they are not at eased with. Another extension is that they tend to become bound to their houses for long periods of time. Like other mental disorders, it is associated with many possible factors nevertheless the accurate cause of this disorder is yet to be known. One reason could be that physical symptoms of the dread attack of a panic disorder with agoraphobia coincide with symptoms of other medical conditions.Treatment of PDA normally comes with cognitive-behavior therapies like motion-picture show therapy. It is a very effective way of treating the disorder because first and foremost it makes the patient understand and accept the nature of his situation. In a study done by Asbahr, De Araujo, De Barros-Neto, Ito, Marks, & Tess (2001), self exposure to interoceptive or internal phobia cues were studied in comparison to self exposure to away p hobia cues. This study was conducted because exposure therapy to external

Analyse the Factor That Might Inhibit London' s Status as a Essay

give out the Factor That Might Inhibit London s Status as a Pre-eminent Global Financial heart and soul In the Next Decade - Essay ExampleThe paper starts off by plying a shortened illustration on the Londons position as the pre-eminent global financial centre and hence moves on to the illumination of the studys central concern being the menaces that are more credibly to affect its pre-eminent position.This report makes a cocnlusion that London is undoubtedly one of the most significant financial centres of the world. However, contempt its dominating position in the global financial market it confronts with certain threats that can impair its meaning among some other international cities. London alone accounted for about 37% and 31% income more than the whole UK number for men and women respectively in the year 2002 (LSE, Londons Place In The UKs economy, 2003). unless along with that, London also sustains the highest unemployment level, greatest rich and poor income differe nces, the ever-rising property costs and insufficient grooming of public health and utility services than other countries in the UK region. Apart from that, Londons competency to pull in abounding foreign investments has also led to the disappearance and re-shifting of its domestic firms. All these and the other factors sum up to the concerns and apprehensions that are faced by international businesses in London. Its high time the judicature needs to take considerable actions to curtail the dreadful factors while improving the citys insure as a favourable financial centre for the whole world. Otherwise, these can greatly hamper the harvest-festival of London as a pre-eminent global financial centre.

Hitler's Table Talk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hitlers Table piffle - Essay ExampleWhat I noticed is that the so-called run-in of Hitler are filled with self-centered ideas and hatred for almost everyone. His perspective on people, nations and resources is organized around the wonder of how they are potentially useful and controllable by him. It is the aim of this paper to demonstrate this, based on the alleged attitudes of Hitler, as constitute in Hitlers Table Talk. I will argue that the inclination about whether or not he said particular phrases or words about Christianity is a distraction from the much more important issue of the hatred in his heart, and the hatred with which he chose to environs himself. This is what I see as the main message of Hitlers Table Talk.The controversy about whether Hitler was a Christian has exposed some information about Hitlers Table Talk. There were only devil copies of his talks and they were both edited by a man named Martin Bormann. Bormann was an active anti-Catholic, and much of hi s activism was behind Hitlers back (Walker). Since the strong anti-Christian attitudes expressed in Hitlers Table Talk are not found in any other examples of Hitlers speeches and writings, and since Luther was one of Hitlers most respected role models, it is probable that Bormanns editing reflected Bormanns own anti-Catholic bias (Walker).Other contamination of Hitlers Table Talk came from explanation. The English translation is based on the French translation, by Geroud (Walker). Geroud put a lot of things into the translation that were not in the original manuscript. An historian, named David Irving, examined a copy of the complete manuscript of another document, Hitlers polish Testament, which was said to be a part of the table-talk. Irving saw it was typed, and found out that someone had added a in all lot of things in handwriting. When confronted by Irving, Geroud confessed that the handwriting was his and that the typescript was also his own invention. Geroud told

Employee and Customer satisfaction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Employee and Customer satisfaction - assignment ExampleIn real sense, indoors the government, satisfied be giveners are several(prenominal)s who the government could do better without them. atonement of employees does cover the basic needs as come up as concerns of employees. It happens to be a good office to start at, however, it typically stops short of what matters really (Susan, 2015).Inefficient HR department which does non go in a right employee to do the right job as well as tracking the employees individual performance makes employees dissatisfied. The executives in HR department need to listen to the views of the departments employees (MBA Lectures, 2011).Work squeeze in the HR department could cause employee dissatisfaction. When the HR bosses mask the HR employees to finish many tasks inside a stipulated time, it brings about work pressure on HR workers. The employees lead develop some carve up of aversion to the work (Rose, 2015).Employee educational backgroun d- where an employee lands on a job of distinct profession from his training then the employee will have to be dissatisfied with the work. This happens to be quite natural since the worker will not be able to match his/her preference for such job kind (MBA Lectures, 2011).Work politics indoors the HR department- as well as inability for an employee to fit in an office environment will definitely lead to dissatisfaction. It leads to reduced efficiency as well as productivity of an employee.Reduced salaries within an HR department will definitely make HR employees dissatisfied with their jobs. HR employees feel same(p) they should be paid a suitable price for services they undertake. No one is willing to work for a trifling amount (MBA Lectures, 2011).Organization- when employees are dissatisfied their performance go down. This happens be a crowing blow to the organization in the sense low productivity leads to less profits as well as poor public welfare, not forgetting that these are the main goals for an

Real Estate Investment Trusts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Real Estate Investment Trusts - Research typography ExampleThe conceptual framework of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITS) in the UK has been diagnostically shaped against the screen background of an evolving unique property market investment paradigm vis--vis the diversity and complexity of non-property market investment vehicles that look at hitherto dominated the UK investment scenario (Wyatt, 2007, p. 143). While still there is a considerable amount of surprise as to what REITS are able to accomplish on their own in a highly militant strategically diverse highly risk-prone property investment market, there is an equally formidable quantum of hope on the part of the average property investor and the market analyst that the UK property market has the dominance for growth and sustainability contempt a global downturn and rising pessimism among investors in general.This conceptual framework underlies the very organizational social organization of the REIT industry and ther eby influences its evolving strategic shape. Though the average REIT is structured in the same way as a private or a public company according to the British law, there is a significant amount of variance in its capital structure and composition. For instance in the process of scattering of profits the REIT is obliged under the Finance Act of 2006 to withhold tax from profit distributions made to shareholders prohibited of property-related investment profits. While REITS elect themselves to be rewarded with the privilege of being tax-exempted on profits made from sealed property-related investments, they have little freedom by way of diversification of assets or portfolios.Real estate investment vehicles as initiated under REITS have been noted also for their strategic emphasis on tradable shares whose prices are determined by free market forces - submit and supply. Another inherent feature associated with them is the tax transparency. Indeed the latter characteristic influences both demand for and supply of such assets despite a negative corollary associated with such declarations. For instance the demand for such investment vehicles as that of properties could be attributed to a variety of causal factors ranging from constantly rising authorized returns to tax-exemptions. On the other hand supply factors include REITS ability to divert and channel risk-prone investments away from potential collapse into an attractive investment proposition that fetches real returns.Although a number of investment vehicles exist in the non-property sector of the economy, there is very little strategic freedom for the average REIT to channel funds into diverse investments thus expecting a real but constantly growing return (Acharya and Dimson, 2007, p.176). While the company is a normal corporate entity with a listing on a stock exchange there is something out-of-the-way about its strategic focus, viz. the way and manner in which it conducts itself in distributing profits . Potential investors would have the authority of getting some profits but nevertheless how much profit is determined by

Ethics and Legal Professionals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

morality and Legal Professionals - Research Paper ExampleThe second scenario is the fact that the prosecutor could be giving the venire misleading culture so that the jury becomes convinced that the suspect is actu eithery liable for the crimes that he is charge of having committed, and thus influence the jury to believe in the guilt of the suspect, which will in turn estimation the prosecutor by enabling the jury to favor the conviction and charging of the suspect as guilty. Therefore, the jury is face with the dilemma of choosing who to believe between the prosecutor and the measure and thus is torn between following the judges direction and following the information given by the prosecutor. The choice of whether to believe the prosecutor or to stick to the judges direction forms the ethical dilemma. The resolution of this ethical dilemma is complex since it entails the employment of the relevant jurisprudences, which guide the demeanor of professionals in the judicial s ystem (Pollock, 2012). Legal professionals are required by the laws to conduct their activities regarding the cases before a court of law in accordance with the guidance of the legislation of conduct of the statutory professionals. According to the provisions of the code of conduct for legal professional, either legal professional discourse a case before a court of law is prohibited from engaging in any form of discussion regarding the case with any side of the case, after-school(prenominal) the courtroom (Beauchamp, Arnold & Bowie, 2009). Therefore, any discussion undertaken extracurricular the courtroom with either the prosecution or the defense side is against the conduct of the legal professionals. Therefore, term the information provided by the prosecutor to the jury could be true and thus helpful to the determination of the case at hand, the manner in which it is obtained is against the provisions of the code of conduct of the professionals (Siegel & Worrall, 2013). The refore, resolving this ethical dilemma requires the jury to stick to the necessary code of conduct and ignore all the information that is obtained from one-sided party to the case outside the courtroom since the individual may be interested in misleading the jury and thus take in his stance favored. Therefore, the ethical dilemma can be resolved through adhering to the guidelines offered by the judge and ignoring all the information obtained outside the courtroom. The system of ethics that I would most likely employ is the law enforcement code of ethics. This system of ethics provides that the fundamental function of a law enforcement officer, including the police, the prosecutor, the judge and the jury, is to serve mankind while at the same time protecting the innocent against deception and the weak against oppression (Siegel, 2010). This system of ethics requires the legal professionals to conduct themselves in a manner that respects the constitutional rights of all individuals to liberty and justice. The legal professionals are also required to observe honesty and be mindful of the welfare of the others, including that of the suspects, under the law enforcement code of ethics (Pollock, 2012). The legal professionals are also required to obey the laws of the land and ensure that they get to

Management Accounting and the Environment Essay

Management Accounting and the Environment - attempt ExampleThere argon different approaches which help to identify the future goals of Charity organizations and detect the threats. Accountants enquiry of Charity organizations go throughs useful insights into the nature of push throughline itself. Management accountancy in Charity organizations is normally associated with to a greater extent rational approaches to reporting.Perhaps its greatest contribution lies in providing the precaution accountant strategist a kind framework for analysing the position of organizations at a particular moment in time. It can also be useful in the development of a number of strategic options which attempt to tackle opportunities and threats, build on corporate strengths and avoid weaknesses. An important consideration is that for most management there is a choice of strategy (Collins, Davies, Weetman, 1992).New environment needs the approach based upon the assumption that information is readil y available to the accountants and an dead-on(prenominal) assessment can be made of its likely impact on organizations. This is not always the faux pas and the entire process is subject to behavioural influences. The so-called rational techniques have been criticized as pseudo-science. Nonetheless this is the base approach used by many researchers (Kirkham, Loft, 1993). In the 1980s the emergence of an increasingly complex and degenerate business environment called for modifications in the rational approach.The environment plays an important role for gentle organizations, because there are more groups for whom the financial records are of potential interest. These groups include paid staff, volunteers, beneficiaries, donors (including grant making trusts), institutional and corporate funders, government departments, rating authorities, The Charity Commission, the press and the public as well as the Inland tax income and HM Customs and Excise. As a result of this Charity Accoun ts can be subject to more requirements than private sector organisations of equivalent size (Parker, 2001).In the light of this it is possible to distinguish three master(prenominal) manoeuvers of accountants the raising of funds or financial management the contribution of accounting to management control and decision-making and the function of financial reporting. Accountants in Charitable organizations need to prepare and maintain accounting records. These records must be carry for at least six years (at least three years in the case of charitable companies), and make the accounts available to the public on request.In charitable organizations accounts can be prepared development one of two bases receipts and payments basis which consists of an account summarising all money received and paid out by the charity in the year in question, and a statement giving details of its assets and liabilities at the oddity of the year. Accruals basis contains a balance sheet showing the char itys financial position at the end of the year in question, a statement of financial activities (SOFA) during the year and explanatory notes. They, in accountancy terms, should give a true and fair view (Sayer, 1998). Recent years accounting has been seen as a management function which obtains influenced significantly by those who prepare and

Case Study 11-2, Dealing with Traffic Jams in London

11-2, Dealing with Traffic Jams in London - Case theatre of operations ExampleProject model provides essential entropy required in the implementation face. Integration of the technology proposed by the bemuse was a challenge since the technology kept changing. The design of the streets does not provide an prospect for mounting the cameras. The positioning of the cameras required clear roads, which would facilitate the relaying of the pictures. The project faced a political encounter since the mayor of the city wanted to build his reputation. The fear of failure was a menace that the project had to caboodle with. Inadequate experience in the application information technology was another challenge that the project faced.The oversight strategy that I would recommend for the project include outsourcing competent personnel in the field of information technology to jump start a pilot project in a few streets in the city. Rolling the project in the whole city at one time could not have a bun in the oven trenchant result. Strategic development of checks and balances for the project would help to avoid inconveniencies.Project methodology identified fivesome critical areas that it would address in piloting the project. Selection of technology for the five key areas was a trample taken in order to reduce risks. Tendering of the project to big(p) cooperation was a wise move since large corporations have the ability to meet big project. Provision of small tenders to individuals could help in making effective management of the project (Wysocki, 2011). Management of tenders by Deloitte & Touche was geared towards achieving the best result. After the selection of the best bidder, the project rolled out. Management of the project by a firm like Deloitte was a wise last since it helped the city government to monitor the work without the political interference. The approach that was developed in the project methodology was appropriate since it eliminated risks tha t the project

Reading can be seen as an interactive process between a reader and a Essay

Reading can be seen as an interactive process between a shower and a text which leads to automatically on reading fluency. In - Essay ExampleThis involves three phase process which consists of translating writings into a legal and then into a meaning. The silent symbols acquired through vision need to be transformed correctly to their expected meaning (Wolf, Bowers & Biddle, 2000). This is the starting signal skill that a reader should possess. In order to read suitably, the reader should be able to supply the symbols into words very fast because reading is handled by short memory in the brain (Diane, 1997). This makes the reader make a phrase. A grouping of meaningful phrases make clock times which forms an idea. Cognitive limitations cause troublesomey in reading as readers translate sight to words much slowly which may make it difficult to produce the desired meaning (Diane, 1997). The reader should be able to detect and isolate basic sound units. This helps the readers t o know phonemes associated with certain letters or words (Adams, 1994). They should tell clearly which letter, group of letters or words produce a certain phoneme. This ability tells how easily a learner can read (Adams, 1994). For the readers to appreciate and work with phonemes appropriately they should understand that their language can be broken down in to phonemes. This leads to easy integration of the understandings and sound which is a key in the reading process (Walker, 2003). Sight is the sense that is widely applied in the reading process. ... This entails moving from left to right and following a sentence at a time (Stothard, 1994). Reading is difficult for someone who finds it hard to apply sequence appropriately because there is definitely a problem of converting symbols from one form to another correctly and with the desired rush along (Walker, 2003). Using valid examples, briefly explain what guided and muster out writing tasks are. In writing, both free and guided writing are important in developing writing skills among the learners (Rivers, 1968). Guided writing is a form of writing whereby the instructors or the teachers help learners to write (Lori, 2007). This entails showing learners how to start writing, draft a text, decree a text and correct mistakes. The instructor aids the writing process by giving the writers the understructure of writing as well as correcting them so as to write the way he/she expects (Lori, 2007). there are varieties of materials that help the learners to write. The instructor provides a material to guide in writing. This may include dictating repeatedly what the writers are passing play to write (Myles, 2002). The instructor may to a fault give material that the learners are going to copy. This form of writing also entails instructors going around the class to individual student or to group of students telling them how and what to write as well as correcting them repeatedly whenever they make mistakes (Myl es, 2002). The instructor may also give graphics or video clips to guide the learners write. Learners in this case are required to write what they have already encountered. For instance they can be required to write about a invention they have already read. They can as well be required to write a drool based on a scene of a movie they have watched (Myles, 2002). The

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

trade Plan - Essay Exampleignificance of the fast sustenance industry and major factors forming and regulating the industry and the environs downstairs which it experiences its slow but steady and unbroken growth.Location Location and surroundings of a argument place play the most pivotal part in the success or failure of a company. The location for the very first restaurant of this fast food brand is suggested to be selected beside the beautiful lake, heptad miles away from the city, where this newly introduced fast food will be launched within few months. The main rationality behind establishing this location for the restaurant includes the peaceful and serene atmosphere, which is particularly attractive and appealing to the families, friends, youngsters, lovers and children alike. Hence, the individuals belonging to both age and socioeconomic status will enjoy themselves to drive towards the restaurant offering multiple food and entertainment facilities under an ideal and healthy environment.Targeting & Segmentation of Customers Since food industry is one of the fastest suppuration businesses of the contemporary era, identifying and segmentation of the clients and customers is the most imperative strategy for an entrepreneur. Since fast food is particularly appealing to every(prenominal) socioeconomic class as well as age-group, both young and old are the target customers for the restaurant. The restaurant will have to assure the hygiene of the product it offers to its customers, so that it can witness a constant growth for the future years to come. In addition, being a bit away from the commercial message and residential areas of the city, the restaurant will have to assure the quality of its product along with presentation of it under a pleasant, eye-catching, jubilant and enjoyable atmosphere, so that the visitors cannot resist the charm it offers to them at their first visit.Nature of nutrition The restaurant aims to offer egg rolls, burgers , pizza, fried chicken pieces, nuggets, French fries and other immediately

Latin America ( Physical system ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Latin America ( somatogenic system ) - Essay Example269).Recently, the president of Ecuador (Correa) has been in defense of the oil extractions plans in the Amazon (Laht.com, 2014). accord to the president, the plans to carry out the oil extraction will have minimal impact to the people and the environment. The government of Ecuador plans to extract oil from Yasuni National Park located in the amazon forest. This forest contains a utmost level of biodiversity and acts as an ecosystem to thousands of organisms. Altering the ecosystem in favor of the economy will lead to deforestation and temper change. Cutting down of the trees in order to obtain oil will mean reduced coulomb absorption. Moreover, this region offers habitat to a different organism, and it is a source of water for human beings. Once the trading operations begin, the mentioned advantages will be affected proscribely.The extraction of oil has several effects on the country. On the prescribed side, it is going t o improve the countrys economy by increasing GDP and providing employment. On the negative side, this event will destroy the habitat and will contribute a lot to global thaw due to the emission of industrial waste into the environment.This move by the president sparked several concerns of displeasure. Environmental organizations were have-to doe with on how this move to destroy acres of land in search for oil. However, this move by the president will have numerous political effects in the country. For instance, there have been rising concerns close to the presidents leadership, whether he is fit to rule the country (Smith, 2014). People wonder if he has their avocation at heart. The president managed to garner political support through the parliament to facilitate his pursuit. The bill was passed in support of the new project. Non-governmental institutions are infuriated by this act. As a result, they embarked on a tally to oppose the bill. The country is set to experience a pol itical divide. On one hand, some barrack for oil

Classroom Assessment in Fifth Grade Science Essay Example for Free

Classroom Assessment in Fifth Grade Science EssayA study was conducted to explore the hypothesis that performance assessments foster a more positive motiveal preference for students than supplied-response assessments which tend to truncate students learning strategies (Parkes Stefanou, 2003).This was in response to general dissatisfaction arising from large-scale, high-s condenses multiple choice testing, particularly among the elder students who experienced higher levels of anxiety and mistrust with respect to standardized tests. It partook of a cost-benefit analysis of the consequences of this particular part of assessment procedure to determine whether the positive outweighed the negative. Traditional paper and pencil tests (PP), a laboratory projection format of assessment (lab), and a performance assessment (PA) were imposed on three different ordinal grade science classes, particularly involving Goal Orientations to supply quantitative data. Qualitative output was al so obtained by dint of taped interviews of the three classes. Quantitatively, goal orientation seemed to be influenced by the type of assessment used.When paired with the soft data, students seemed to perform hearty in PP testing because they equated a good grade with competence and ability, and they believed that performing well in PP testing reflected this competency (Parkes Stefanou, 2003). However, if receiving grades was removed from the equation, students became more receptive to PA testing and were motivated to take risks and explore actually doing science rather than just knowing science (Parkes Stefanou, 2003).One of the limitations of the study was that soft information was necessary to complete the picture presented by the quantitative data. Although the study was by no intend definitive as to whether or not assessment types contributed to student motivation, it clearly showed that when paired with the stakes or consequences attributed to the assessment results, it affects the students goal orientations.Reference ListParkes, J. and Stefanou, C. (2003). Effects of classroom assessment on student motivation on fifth-grade science. The Journal of Educational Research, 96 (3), 152-162.

Specific Helping Skills Essay Example for Free

Specific Helping Skills EssayAbstractAs a professional working in the field of Human Services, having specific constituent scientific disciplines be live to the effectiveness of the services as well as the goals of the lymph gland. There are many elements that support some(prenominal) verbal and non-verbal parley. Contrary to the supportive elements that determine achiever, there are also a wide revolve of barriers that both the friend and the client may face. It is important for the booster to attend to several duties before clash with a client such(prenominal) as completing appropriate motleys or paperwork in order to amplification as much in take formation about the client as possible. The avail must also forwardness up a comfortable environment for the client as the helping process can be intimidating which may immobilize success. In addition to the duties of the helper prior to the initial meeting with a client, the helper must keep in mind effective ques tions that will guide them by dint of the helping process.Specific Helping Skills that can be used with clientsEveryone at some point in their smell experiences problems. Although problems are a normal part of life, each individual experiences things at different levels. Some batch are able to work through things quickly, efficiently, and effective. Other people may experience problems for longer periods of duration or even for a life-time. Through these difficulties some may require assistance working through their troubles. When a helper is involved with a client, communication is the key to success. The some specific skill a helper can have with their client is effective communication which entails both verbal and non-verbal communication.Verbal Non-Verbal communicatingVerbal Communication is a helpful behavior to posses while communicating with a client as the helper must first determine what the problem is, and what the specific destinys are. These questions are not com fortably answered if there is a lot of miscommunication and confusion on either side of the helping process. The job of the helper through verbal communication is to mirror the thoughts of the client in order to better understand the clients thought process. This is helpful for both the helper and the client. For the helper, verbal communication helps to indentify either direct or indirect thoughts and hearts the client is arduous to point. For the client, verbal communication helps them to better understand what they are truly view and thinking or expressing as well as give them a better understanding to the certificate of indebtedness they have.The helper is to use paraphrasing or reiterating without discourseing the thoughts or feelings for the client. At times it may be inevitable for the helper to ask open ended questions that provide better understanding to shew services. Open-ended questions such as, How exactly did the fight between the two of you start? are importan t open-ended questions to ask because it lets the helper gather background information that may have been left out. It is best for the helper not to establish feelings in open-ended questions when speaking with a client such as, I bet that made you angry, huh? so these types of open-ended questions are best avoided. Also, when speaking with clients, the helper should try to avoid closed-ended question that are only when answered with a yes or no answer.For example, it would better to ask an open-ended question about how someone is feeling verse a close-ended question like, Are you feeling better today? As you can see, intercommunicate an open-ended question provides for better understanding of the clients true thought process and needs. closely all of the communication communicated between a sender and a receiver is in response to non-verbal communication. personate language, posture, facial expressions, gestures, paralinguistics, eye contact, haptics, proxemics, and even a pers ons appearance can all be defined as forms of non-verbal communication. These unspoken forms of communication and behaviors are subtle signals that most people are not even aware that they are sending to a receiver. Facial expressions are the most common form of non-verbal communication because a grimace or a smile can speak for the senders thoughts even before they verbally express them.Also, facial expressions are the most easily translated non-verbal communication signals as signs of happiness, sadness, and anger are express through the face the same. Eye contact, like facial expressions, is considered an important form of non-verbal communication. Looking at someone in the eyes can determine a level of interest, a sense of hostility, and even emotions. Speaking with ones hands, or better known as gestures, is an early(a) form of non-verbal communication. waving or pointing in a delegacy can express a hello or direction without using verbal communication. Body language and post ure movements can bear witness a great stilt of information about attitudes and feelings. Contrary, if a receiver is not focused on a senders posture and movements then body language may be less definitive in impartation a message being sent. Subtle postures such as arm-crossing, or leg-crossing, are just a few signs of body language.Proxemics and haptics are both forms of non-verbal communication that involve personal space and touch. Proxemics are the measures that a person views as their personal space when speaking to a person or a group. Haptics are a form of communication through touch. Infants are able to establish their care taker is communicating affection, and early(a) emotions, through touch. Pitch, tone of voice, and the level at which one speaks is defined as paralinguistics.Paralinguistics are a good indicator of the meaning behind a message a sender is verbally trying to send. A sender may use a certain set of words to verbally express thoughts or feelings, but pa ralinguistics are a separate form of communication that is non-verbal. Appearance is the most audible form of non-verbal communication. How a person dresses, the colors they wear, or their hairstyle, can make the first motion-picture show that is the judgment one will pass based off of an initial appearance. An appearance may speak for the individual long before verbal communication ever takes place.Non-Verbal BarriersThere are a subroutine of non-verbal barriers that can present problems when communicating. Developmental disorders and brain dysfunction is just one area that may present problems for the helper. For example, autistic individuals may often times not be able to speak for themselves, and when an interpreter must step in to speak on behalf of the individual, communication may become difficult in the success of reaching the clients needs. Cultural barriers are another form of a non-verbal barrier. Eye contact, gestures, the need for personal space, touch, and appearance , are just a few cultural differences that create cultural barriers. An individual may feel intimidated or uncomfortable sitting within close proximity of a helper when they feel their personal space is being invaded. deceptive gestures can create miscommunication as well. This form of non-verbal communication barrier can host a get along of problems for an individual who is not skilled in other areas of communication, both verbal and non-verbal, when they convey a message that may not be accurately presented. Deceptive gestures are not always communicated due to deception, but may be forms of nervousness, tension, or a number of other emotional states.Non-verbal barriers should be taken in to account when communicating with individuals as they may hinder the success of a client if they are overlooked or go un-noticed. The most specific skill the helper can posses when serving the needs of a client, or group of people, is to have effective communication. two verbal communication a nd non-verbal communication are skills that can be acquired and involve knowledge and experience. The success of the clients goals depends on effective communication between the sender and the receiver.

Political Economy Theory Essay Example for Free

Political Economy hypothesis EssayThe policy-making sparing in mass media theory argues that the structure of the industry forges content. _(Andrejevic M, 2007)._ This theory leave behind be exhibit by analysing an term entitled _Skys the limit for MySpace_, published on _News.com.au_ on August 10th 2007. The laying claim of the theory is that media content is influenced by a combination of the media owners (individuals or corpoproportionns), advertisers, competitors/other media, government regulations and viewers or readers. In the case of media ownership, Private individuals decide what information should be provided to the public based on what earns them the most money. _(Andrejevic M, 2007)_The _News.com.au_ article on _MySpace_ appears in the National News section and describes the firm grasp and incredible influence the social networking site, established in 2003, has on the internet and throughout the business gentleman. The article is saturated with references t o the innovations and stun success of _MySpace_. For example the opening sentence reads Social networking website _MySpace_ has more than 115 million members around the world and already plays a key role in launching music careers, political campaigns and the way heap communicate in general. _(Gadd M, 2007)_ At this point a discerning reader should recall that _News Corp_ bought _MySpace_ from its co founders turkey cock Anderson and Chris DeWolfe in July 2005. _(Malick O, 2006)_The propaganda model developed by Edwards S Herman and Noam Chomsky asserts that information presented to the general public via mainstream media outlets will be biased in relation to the interests of the multinational organisations or media conglomerates that own them. _(Herman Chomsky, 1988)_ By publishing an article promoting the prevailing discourse that _MySpace_ is a popular, thriving production with unlimited potential, _News Limited_ are encouraging awareness of the website, which in offer prov ides it with traffic and publicity. Since _News Corp_ owns _MySpace_ and is a holding company for _News Limited_, this is a chief example of thepropaganda model and reinforces the political delivery theory that media content is affected by media owners.The positive language used in the article demonstrates the precedent of linguistic controls in promoting a discourse. The writers of the article use phrases such as its just the tip of the nut berg _(Gadd M, 2007)_ to imply there is a wealth of possibilities for _MySpace_ to accomplish. The website is described as a platform for individuals to bear witness themselves and socialise. _(Gadd M, 2007)_ This quote is relevant to todays society as ideas of non-conformity, individuality and creativity are attractive to todays youth.Of all the quotes gettable from the interviews with the co founders, there is a deliberate choice on behalf of _News.com.au_ to feature words such as emerging, swelled, innovate, and evolve that connote idea s of positive change and progression. This gives the impression that _MySpace_ is at the forefront of the online social networking phenomenon with millions of individuals flocking to be involved. These scathe are deliberately chosen by _News Limited_ to appeal to advertisers who wish for their products to be seen and purchased by the trend-setters in society, and this will consequently benefit its parent, _News Corp_.The article also suggests the potential power MySpace has for advertisers in the prox. Mr DeWolfe said mobile advertisement would be a lucrative fund source and video would take a more prominent place in the way people communicated and shared their art. _(Gadd M, 2007)_ It should be noted that _News Corp.,_ along with other media conglomerates, is in the end a commercial organisation. By using _News Limited_s article to draw attention to the incredible infiltration ratio of _MySpace_ (four million unique accounts in Australia, and 50% of all internet users in Ameri ca) _News Corp_ is securing advertisers interest in _MySpace_. The bidding by Walt Disney Corporation CEO, Michael Eisner, is particularly powerful in demonstrating the reality of what drives media conglomerates We throw away no obligation to sack history. We have no obligation to desexualize art. We have no obligation to make a statement. To make money is our save objective. _(Andrejevic M, 2007)_Newspapers, TV networks and magazines rely on advertisers to finance their business, so to encourage advertisers to buy lay in their publication they commodify and promote their audiences. According to Dallas Smythe audiences are bought by advertisers on the basis on income, age, sex, heathen and class specifications. _(Stevenson N, 200210-11)_ Rupert Murdoch outlined his plans for the future of _MySpace_ in a 2006 interview at the Citigroup Entertainment, Media and Telecommunications Conference.He revealed that an instant messenger client with voice capabilities, increased worldwi de penetration, and free video downloads were in the works. (The free video downloads have been successfully incorporated into the website since the interview.) Following this, Mr Murdoch said Weve got the biggest mass of unsold inventory. We have the third most pageboy views of the Internet in America, and explained that _News Corp_ had met with advertising networks to judge whether they can sell it better than we can. _(Burns E, 2006)_In conclusion, the political economy theory, which highlights the a link between ownership and content of media production _(Stevenson N, 2002 41)_, can be applied to the _News.com.au_ article about _MySpace_ to reveal how much ownership, among other things, can affect the information the public receives from mass media outlets. As demonstrated in the way that _News Limited_ portrayed _MySpace_ in a positive light for the economic benefit of its parent firm _News Corp,_ it is important for audiences to be aware of the political economy theory, and to detect not only bias but the possible reasons behind such bias in media texts they consume.BIBLIOGRAPHYAndrejevic M (2007) _The Mass Media A Political Economic Approach._ Lecture slides for JOUR2211 Week 2. Available from https//my.uq.edu.au/blackboard_frame.html Accessed on 12/08/07Burns E (2006) _Murdoch discusses future of MySpace.com._ Available from Accessed on 10/08/07Gadd M (2007) _Skys the limit for MySpace._ Available from Accessed on 10/08/07Herman E S and Chomsky, Noam. (1988) _Manufacturing Consent the Political Economy of the Mass Media_. New York Pantheon BooksMalick O (2006) _Why Murdoch Really Bought MySpace._ Available Accessed on 11/02/03McQuail D (2002) _McQuails Reader in Mass Communication Theory._ Sage publications.Stevenson N (2002) Understanding Media Cultures Social Theory and Mass Communication. Sage publications. pp10-11

Methods to Conserve Energy Essay Example for Free

Methods to Conserve Energy EssayUsing inwrought energy resources doesnt necessarily mean you lead economize any energy, even so we do advise every household to research the possibility of implementing natural energy resources to influence their home power supply. This go forth conserve the fossil fuels we ar currently go through at an alarming rate. Many little things can be done in an attempt to conserve energy in the home.It is knowing how to do these little energy conservation processes that many people do not know about, understand, or Just dont care. Another way relating to how we can conserve energy is to plug whenever we incur finished using appliances that may have a light on them (such as a standby light), we switch the appliance off, or unplug after use. Little things can make a big difference in conserving energy around the home, and this is especially true for dishwashers, washing machines and dryers.Modern dishwashers have energy saving wash cycles, we stro ngly advise the use of such features, washing machines can be set to lower temperature washes, when sed with the right washing powder, and a dryer, well if you own a dryer, get disembarrass of it and dry your washing naturally on a washing line. Hybrid cars can make a difference to your carbon footprint, and can help you save energy. No, they will not eliminate carbon emissions from their exhausts, yet they will greatly reduce the amount of carbon you pump into the air each year. The only basis you should need a 44 vehicle is if you live in a rough terrain area, or ever snowy area.When you choose your next car, be sure to check the miles per gallon to see how fficient your car will be, this not only helps the environment but it saves you money on fuel too. When conserving energy, we can also escort to our heating methods, why not reduce your heating thermostat or radiators by only 1 degree for a lengthy time, and compare your heating bill? If you recycle more, you will be assis t to conserve energy put into making new versions of what you have recycled, and this also reduces the burden on landfill sites and incinerators which are not good for the environment

Improvements in Transportation Essay Example for Free

Improvements in Transportation EssayThe growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on the cleverness to transport raw materials and finished goods over long distances. There were three main types of transportation that increase during the Industrial Revolution waterways, roads, and railroads. Transportation was important because many people began living in the west and further away from their homes.Prior to 1750, villagers either had to walk everywhere they went or travel by horse and carriage. The roads were in poor condition and in wet weather they became very muddy with the carriages often change state bogged down. The villagers spent most of their time trying to repair the roads without receiving any pay for their work, but as turnpikes were created this was no longer a problem. A turnpike is a road that has a smooth floor of crushed rocks, with large rocks underneath. This allows the water to drain properly.Before the steamboat ships had to use the power of the wind i n come in to move from place to place, and so the speed of travel was limited and slow. Then steamboat emerged, Robert Fulton made the counterbalance powered engine to power a steamboat, and in 1807 he demonstrated its use by going from immature York City to Albany via the Hudson River. His steamboat was able to carry raw materials across the Atlantic Ocean by the middle 1800s. This was a great advancement for transporting materials.At the turn of the 19th century the steam engine was invented. horizontal though iron rails were being used in the coal mines, there were no self-propelled locomotives to run on them. James Watt was able to make steam engines faster and more efficient, later(prenominal) when he joined up with a businessman who helped him keep improving it. This eventually led to the first train.

Burts Bees Essay Example for Free

Burts Bees EssayA while back in 2007, Burts Bees was bought forth by Clorox for $913 million. In buying Burts Bees Clorox is promising to go green. This was Cloroxs start in buying out other green companies to supporter them achieve their goal in going completely green. Mr. Shavitz and Ms. Quimby the original take iners of Burts Bees had a huge fall out that began in the late 1990s which has been going on of all time since. (1) The reason that Clorox was willing to pay almost $1 Billion for Burts Bees because they see a coarse opportunity in the market to arrest their products green. The Burts Bess is really into the whole giving back to the community, and endlessly helping. A few events they have done for the community is Urban Gardening when they teamed up with NEEM, to help make Durham, North Carolina greener, and help them plant more community gardens. Another event that they have done is help wee-wee green homes in North Carolina. As I was looking on the Burts Bees website on their most frequently asked questions someone asked how they can receive donations, and the answer the company gave threw me aback. At this time, Burts Bees is not presently providing product or financial donations.We remain committed to supporting local community organizations committed to The great Good (2) Personally in reading this I feel like if they want to help create that customer satisfaction, they should be willing to help everyone go green and not just the community. Since the buyout according to Clorox, their subjective care products already account for over $6 billion in sales and is growing at a fast rate. The sales are climbing to a yearly rate of around 9%. As for the stalk holder Clorox states, they rose from $1. 69, 2. 8%. to $62. 69. This was a huge boost for the stockholders, and for pile who treasured to buy into the stalk.As of 25th 2013, the stalks are at $83. 25. (3) This was also helping Cloroxs public transaction by helping them get well kn own. Clorox does a whole bunch of press releases to help salute that they have turned green. They also do press releases when they win an award or do contests for people to enter. When you go on the Clorox website they give you three options to choose from, Press Releases, Media Resources, and Press contacts. Since working together with Burts Bees, Clorox is also trying to get more involved in the community which they never used to do.On their website they state, Clorox knows that it cant do it alone and actively seeks partners and other affiliations to help us become a more sustainable company. Clorox also cares. In addition to our work to make Clorox a more sustainable company, we extend to make a positive eco impact beyond Clorox. (4) Clorox donates nearly $1 million dollars to environmental causes. near of things they do to help the community is they donate products to the Save the Frogs, and Save the California Oaks. They also have their own foundations to help Keep America Beautiful.

Getting The Extra Bit Out Of Your Employees Essay Example for Free

Getting The Extra Bit Out Of Your Employees EssayAn employee is impoverishmented to contribute 40 to 48 hours of fatty march in terms of service or seeable output. The very purpose of employment is for the employer to generate enough revenue so that he bunghole non only behave your wages, but in like manner make some profit for himself and retain a region of the profits for contingencies. It is widely accepted that in approximately cases though the employer is required by law to pay the employee for all the 365 days of the year, the employee output is restricted to some 250 days or in that region. Thus, even when the employee is non working, the employer has to support him/her. The manufacturing sector mess lay down norms to measure the output of each employee and relate it to the quantum of work produced. But, in the services sector it is difficult to quantify the output of each individual. The flow of work can also not be uniform in the case of the services sector. Evaluation In this context, allow us examine the working of a Supermarket. The flow of customers into the supermarket will vary during the day as also during the month.In most cases, the evenings will see more customers coming in, while the mornings will see few of them. The noon period of the day can be thinner still. Thus, we have a situation where the productive output of the employee is not available to the employer all through the 7 or 8 hours that he/she neglects in the Supermarket. So, the effective throughput (actual sentence spent in producing goods/services) diminishes to anywhere between 5 and 6 or 4 and 6 hours.The employer has to earn adequate revenue to compensate the employees and even take c atomic number 18 of eventualities. Therefore, in most parts of the world, employers, particularly in the services sector, manage to get that supererogatory slice of work through with(p) by each employee. Institutions, enterprises or organizations strive continuously to op timize their return on investment and put on employee motivation as a major tool to achieve this. After all, it is the collective performance of employees that would unequivocal itself into a successful enterprise.It is not essential at all times to monetize motivation. There are several other means of motivating the employees to get optimal results. For example, in the case under discussion, we need to get an extra 30 minutes of work from each employee. The employer is unwilling to pay for that extra time or simply cannot afford to. So many terminologies and reasons will be attributed to safeguard that extra bit of money. But, heads of departments still have to achieve the desired results and with no extra money available in their hands. ending Though money is very important to employees, other factors go into employment. In the instant case, the manager can explain to the employees that by spending an extra 30 minutes after the scheduled time and reorganizing the mathematical p roduct for the next day, they will be able to start right away when they commence work on the following day. Customers walking in during the first hour will be able to transact their duty quickly and this in turn will bring in more of such early customers. some other method is to address all the employees together and evolve a pattern whereby some employees can make known early for work and leave at the scheduled time, some employees can shrink their breaks to accommodate the extra time required, and some can even leave late. After all, every one of us spend a lions share of the daylight hours in our respective breadwinning activity. With the correct methodology employed, getting employees to contribute 30 minutes of extra work per day can be achieved without denting the employers purse.

Glow Essay Example for Free

Glow EssayInvestigation of the effect of cold temperatures on the enduring time of beam shells. Aim to investigate whether freezing a glow bemuse will restore its longevity. Hypothesis The glow sticks will last longer when they are frozen than when they are at means temperature. Background information Glow sticks are made of hydrogen peroxide, a phenyl oxalate called ester, and phosphorescent discolour. The ester and phosphorescent dye are kept in cardinal part of the glow stick, the hydrogen peroxide in the other, set-apart by a piece of glass. No chemical reaction occurs until the glass breaks, combining the chemicals together intimate the tube.Cooling a glow stick slows the reaction a s wakefully and causes it to last longer, but the light is dimmer. This can be demonstrated by freezing an activated glow stick. When it is reheated, it will begin to glow again. However, if the chemical reaction has already occurred and the glow stick has already foregone out, freezi ng the glow stick will not cause it to begin glowing again. A high quality glow stick will last 8-12 hours, provided there is no otherwise interference. It will glow faintly for about one day after this time period is over, however the primary glow will slang gone out.Other factors, such as the color of the glow stick (Green, yellow and orange are the brightest colorise and therefore last the longest. ), the previous treatment of the glow sticks (Sometimes, a glow stick will have been accidently activated by being knocked over or bumped before the activator intends to, meaning that the chemical reaction may have already occurred by the time it is intended to be activated. ) and the amount of light they are capable to and for how long. (Being hit with direct light damages the glow stick, lessening its longevity. )

Save Trees Essay Example for Free

Save Trees EssayA coalition of environmental organizations working at once with Canadian companies to develop practical and economic ways to shift their wood and subject use aside from ancient and endangered forest products to ecologically sound alternatives. Conservatree www. conservatree. com American non profit organization dedicated to converting base markets to EP motifs. Reach for Unbleached www. rfu. org Canadian registered charity working for a sustainable pulp and paper industry.ABPBC (Association of daybook Publishers of BC) www. books. bc. ca/ecokit. php eco-kit for book publishers on term. Magazine Paper Project www. ecopaperaction. org American non profit encouraging magazine publishers to pitch to recycled paper. ReThink Paper www. rethinkpaper. org American non profit more info, more re root systems. Almost half of the trees harvested in northerly America go to the production of paper Produced with the assistance of and the BC Gaming Commission For o ne source of EP office paper, see the Office Paper Buying Club at www. rfu. orgBuying EP paper is the nidus of the companion folder Buying EP Paper. Money pull roundd using paper saving tips in this brochure can easily offset any initial cost differences of purchase EP paper. Potential organizational benefits of an EP paper policy include favourable public image, employee pride and contentment, competitive differentiation, socially responsible investing advantages. cornmeal mush paper is one of the most environmentally demanding and damaging industries in the world ? $50 ? $500 ? $ carbon ? $1,000 ? $250 ? Other $____ 1984 1994 2004Global paper consumption has more than tripled over the past 30 years. Hows recycle working? Reach for Unbleached Box 39 Whaletown, BC Canada V0P 1Z0 Phone (250) 935-6992 In Canada we recover hardly 44 % of all paper products used, including only 15 % of printing and writing papers and magazines. Over 90% of all office and printing paper is made with virgin fibre. Paper reduction techniques Machines n get photocopiers that have double-sided copying capacity. Program double-sided copying as the default. n Purchase fax machines that use battleground paper to eliminate the need to copy thermal sheets.Electronics n Create letterhead stationary using computer package templates and make it available to all. n white plague e-mail instead of paper memos. n Dont print all your e-mails. n Send out and keep reference documents electronically dont make hard paper copies. Software adjustments n Changing the print and other settings in parcel programs can salvage paper up to 50% by reducing the margins, font size and line spacing. Set the default to these settings, altering the parameters when necessary. (See www. rfu. org for more details on software adjustments. ) n A software program like www. ineprint. com will print more than one page to the sheet. Use the right paper for the job n Choose the most eco-friendly paper for a job highest recycled content, unbleached, etc. Premium, extra exsanguine glossy paper is only occasionally necessary for fine art reproduction, photographic prints, etc. n Use lighter paper (less weight) when feasible. This reduces the amount of fibre needed and also saves money in postage. n Use non-coated paper. Coated paper is in most cases less desirable for recycling mills because the trunk coating is not recyclable.Work with your vendors Many of the following ideas could reduce vendor costs enabling you to act for advantages in other areas. n Ask suppliers to first send information electronically then square up whether or not you need a hard copy. n The following shipment strategies from suppliers can save money for both you and your vendors. n Boxes, filler, etc. cost money. Ask vendors to colour code materials to help separate materials for recycling procedures. n Re-usable containers can be shipped back to suppliers. n Product packaging contributes significantly t o purchasing costs.Ask vendors to reduce packaging. n Set up incentives for paper suppliers to sell you less product by helping keep track of your inventories and eliminating excess stockpiles, e. g. custom stationary that could become obsolete. n Provide inter-office envelopes to vendors for incoming invoices that need to go through more than one hand before payment. Many companies now cover their vendors as partners, not just product suppliers. In this spirit of partnership, they are working together to save money and improve environmental performance.Reward employees who come up with other paper-saving ideas. email yesterday much Paper reduction tips n Reduce a legal size sheet to letter size. n Make smaller notices, forms and letters print two on each sheet of paper and skip over it in half. n Use two-way envelopes to send out invoices customers can refold envelope for return payment. n Circulate office reports in a forwarding mailing envelope saves making copies. n Use on -demand publishing or printing for books, manuals, catalogues, etc. only print for immediate needs.

Normative ethical subjectivism Essay Example for Free

Normative honorable subjectivism EssayNormative ethical subjectivism is an ethical military position that attempts to specify component part under which an pull through is mor eithery good or ill-use using four distinct grounds that study to prove this claim. Normative ethical subjectivism claims that an act is mor wholey regenerate if, and only when if, the person judging the action approves of it. Stemming form this view on ethics a prescriptive ethical system has been made. An ethical theory is a theory of what is right and wrong. This stance on ethics is the opposite of an some other ethical stance called methethical antirealism. Methethical antirealism is centered on the idea that because thither is no right and wrong actions, on the button individualised preferences thither is no such thing as virtuousity. It also states that morals be just a personal preference. Normative ethical subjectivism makes its claim in four different arguments witch be commonweal th, tolerance, protestment and ungodliness.The democracy argument makes the premise that if e actuallyone has an equal right to have and voice moral opinions past everyones moral opinions are equally plausible. The abutting premise states that everyone does have an equal right to have and voice moral opinions. These cardinal premises lead to the refinement that everyones moral opinions are equally plausible. The low premise of the argument creates a problem because not everyones moral opinions are equally valid and plausible. I have lots of opinions the like the location of LSU, how far away the moon is and, the speed limit on College Drive. My opinion is LSU is located in Arizona, the moon is 100 miles away and the speed limit on College Drive is 75 miles per hour.My opinions are all incorrect showing that the plausibility of an opinion really has nothing to do with ones right to hold it. Having a right to an opinion is one thing, the truth of that opinion quite another. Thi s undermines the first premise of the argument do me to reject a crucial part of the democracy argument. Consequently making the argument for democracy runny and not a mature foundation for supporting normative ethical subjectivism.The next argument for normative ethical subjectivism is the argument of dissonance. The first premise states that if there is a constant contrast among educated, open-minded and, good-willed deal about some subject matter, then that subject matter does not admit to an objectivetruth. Followed by the premise there is persistent disagreement about ethical issues among educated, open-minded and, good-willed people. These two statements lead to the conclusion that there are no objective ethical truths. There is persistent disagreement among educated, open-minded and, good-willed physicists and mathematicians. We put up that their work is aimed at discovering objective facts. Physicists continue to disagree about that started the universe.But this is no t evidence that their views are subjective, it is evidence that the facts they arrive at are merely expressions of personal opinion about some fact. This shows that a professions may deal in objective truths even if its open minded and educated deeply disagree with one another. In rebuttal to this, normative ethical subjectivist would state that objective truths dont exist, but for a decision to be true someone has to believe in it. Thus proving that the first premise of the argument of disagreement if false giving no support for normative ethical subjectivism.The tolerance argument of normative ethical subjectivism has two premises. The first premise states if normative subjectivism is true, then no ones deepest opinions are more plausible than anyone elses. The next premise states if no ones deepest opinions are more plausible than anyone elses, then we have to respect and tolerate the opinions of all others. Generating the conclusion that if normative subjectivism is true, then w e have to respect and tolerate the opinions of all others. Tolerance is defined as the capacity for or the practice of recognizing and respecting the beliefs or practices of others (Websters Dictionary). In the normative ethical subjectivism argument tolerance is good thus making it good for others to respect the actions and beliefs of that other people. The tolerance argument is hushed not a persuasive argument for normative ethical subjectivism.The problem with tolerance argument is that we all have to be tolerance of peoples opinions if they rightfully believe in them, making their opinion virtuously right. If a person truly believes in intolerance and that intolerant behavior is acceptable then according to normative ethical subjectivism it is morally right. According to the tolerance argument if a racist feels that be does not what to be tolerant of other races and goes around killing them off but truly feels that that he is doing is right then to a normativeethical subjectiv ist we essential be tolerant of opinion. The tolerance argument does not seem to be dowery persuade a person towards normal ethical subjectivism view.The final argument for normative ethical subjectivism is the atheism argument. The atheism arguments premise states if ethics are objective, then immortal must exist. Followed by the premise that graven image does not exist. Structuring the conclusion ethics is not objective. Since it cannot be proven through science and nature that God does exist, it validates the atheist argument. But lets suppose God does exist and he does issue commands on that is morally right and wrong. This brings up the euthyphro question, which asks are actions good because God commands them, or does God command them because they are good? The first part of the question, actions good because God commands them, makes Gods commands arbitrary and so if God commands us to throw our children into volcanoes, to rape, or to murder, then these actions would be goo d actions according to God. And for the next part of the question, God command them because they are good, seems to imply that there is a standard of goodness over God. It also leaves open the question who is the commander behind moral commands? These arguments against the euthyphro question create mistrust in the atheism argument.The arguments for normal ethical subjectivism are not very strong and could deter persons away form relativism. The above arguments against normal ethical subjectivism are few in numbers. For the majority of moral values and situations, actions are not complete but are relative to the persons or groups holding them. Lets say there is an objective moral fact that lying was wrong for all cases and should neer be done. Avery close friend of yours is on the edge and suicidal. He asks you if he is an entrancing person.You are this persons only friend and every thing you tell him he takes very literally. He could be the most dread(a) person you have ever seen , but if you tell him he is ugly he will without doubt kill him self. According to the objective moral fact about lying that I have just made, you have to tell him the truth, that he is revolting. Or you could have a relativism stance and tell him he is an attractive person and stop him form killing him self. In this situation it would be ideal to save the persons heart and prevent the mental problems stemming for know you killed someone.Although normal ethical subjectivism and metaethical antirealism are different but there is a relationship between them. Both of these views on ethics are subjective and both have its problems win over people to follow them. Facts are mentioned as not important in their arguments. In the atheist argument of normal ethical subjectivism, Gods commands are not to be taken as facts but as suggestions. A big part of metaethical antirealism is that moral facts dont exist but facts are just part of the role in making decisions.Normative ethical subjectivi sm is an ethical stance that attempts to establish the situations under which an action is morally right or wrong. It states an act is morally right if the person judging the act approves of it. Normative ethical subjectivism uses the arguments of democracy, tolerance, disagreement and atheism to try proving this claim. Methethical antirealism is an ethical stance that claims there are no right or wrong views or stances on ethical options. Methethical antirealism goes on to state that morals do not exist at all. Even thought normative ethical subjectivism failed make its calm a person can still be a relativist, but I still feel that every moral case must be taken on a base to base cineraria.Works CitedTolerance. The New American Webster ready to hand(predicate) College Dictionary. Revised and Expanded edition 1981.

The Greatest Advantage Of Mass Media Media Essay

The Greatest Advantage Of Mass Media Media EssayThe greatest advantage of mass media is the former to reach a large subprogram of tidy sum all around the world in a very short period of quantify. It plays an central role in our everyday survives. Mass media act upons our comparables and dislikes, opinions regarding m whatsoever important issues, views, port, our values and our style. Its primary nominate is to inform, but looking for at it from the perspective of the viewer its main purpose is to entertain. On everyday basis children be being uncovered to split upy and what is on it. Unfortunately, wildness has taken everyplace the entertainment world non lone(prenominal) on idiot box receiver, but withal in video games and movies. For many years massive step of frenzy in media has been of great worry not honest for parents, but also for researchers and psychologists. In this prove my main focus is on the effects media vehemence has on children and how parents whoremaster approach children to reduce the effect of media craze.Before we take a further step into looking at the effects of violence in mass media allow us define mass media. concord to Lane, by definition, mass communication is a message created by a psyche or a group of people sent through a transmitting device (a medium) to a large interview or market.1To make it simpler mass media is radio, television, film, newspapers, internet, books, video games and other devices that reach and influence people all over the world.2 The three main functions of mass media are to provide us with information and entertainment and allow us to kill boredom. As stated by Signorielli, the medium that is part of everyday life and around a good deal used by us is the television. On average, or television set is on for to a greater extent than than 7 hours each day. chelaren and older people are most promising to be exposed to more television than adolescents or adults.3 conco rd to Signorielli, the Center for Media and Public Affairs isolated physical violence on decennary channels (ne iirk, independents and cable) during one day. Violence appeared most frequently during the afternoon (2 to 5 PM), with 191 acts per hour early first light (6 to 9 AM), with 158 acts per hour and prime cartridge clip, with 102 acts per hour. 4 As said by Signorielli, most of the violent acts that are on television may channel the message that bellicose fashions are not actually considered wrong. A lot of clippings characters who commit violence are not sorry for what they invite done and they do not face any consequences for their actions. Additionally, television usually does not show the real(a)ism of violence and how things would ordain up push through in real life for a person who has connected a crime such(prenominal) as stealing or murder. Alot of times violence on television is sooner presented in the context of humor and discerndy. Such messages may se em to be acceptable by viewers, curiously children, and make them animadvert that it is all slump to follow such aggressive model behaviors.5Researchers, who take an delight in media violence, peculiar(prenominal)ly televised violence, and in how it influences children, wipe out put forward four findingsThe first and perhaps most important factor is observational reading, which refers to the process through which people learn to imitate role models and types of behavior, especially if the behavior is perceived as being rewarded. This process seems to be at work not only in the imitation of televised aggression among children, but also in the influence of highly publicized murders, suicides, and observe fights among adults.The second factor is the change in attitudes that oft occurs through television consider. Studies create shown that children who realize literal amounts of television are more apparent than less avid viewers to accept aggressive behavior in other chi ldren. Other research suggests that violence on television can cultivate attitudes of irresolution and images of an extremely violent world in the minds of its viewers.A third possible factor is physiological rousing, the opinion that viewers are stimulated by observing violence, to which they may nevertheless produce desensitized over time, and that this arousal fades to, or is maintained by, subsequent aggressive activity.The fourth factor involves the process of justification. Many people who watch televised violence may already engage in violent behavior or possess aggressive tendencies, and may then find in television a form of justification for their actions.6________________________5 Nancy Signorielli, 33-34.6 Brent D. Ruben and Todd Hunt, Mass Communication. Consumers and Producers, (New York HarperCollinsCollege Publishers, 1993), 85-86.Looking at the above findings it can be concluded that violence in media has a huge effect on children, as well as on adults. But let us not jump to conclusions and take a closer look at these situations and interpret them with greater attention to detail and with reference to facts.There is a great controversy whether media violence has any usurpation on childrens behavior. A single conclusion has not been reached, but enough data has been gathered to give attention to many important facts. Researchers receive been investigating the effects of mass media through two overconfidential information approachesThe survey is carried out in the real world and usually consists of a large group of individuals who resolving questions put to them via a questionnaire A special kind of survey, a panel survey, allows researchers to be more confident some attributing patterns of cause and effect in survey data. The panel study collects data from the alike people at two or more different points in time. As a result, it is possible, using ripe techniques that control the effects of other variables, to see if viewing televi sed violence at an early age is link up to aggressive behavior at a later date.The experiment is performed in a lab and usually consists of the controlled manipulation of a single factor to determine its impact on another factor. A special kind of experiment, a playing area experiment, is conducted in a real-life setting. Field experiments are more realistic than testing ground experiments but they are also harder to control.7Media violence has not just been a concern of parents, researchers and psychologists, but also of government. All the studies that have been conducted over the years have been done so through laboratory experiments and field studies. According to the article Research on the Effects of Media Violence, hundreds of studies conducted over the years proof that exposure to media violence causes children to behave more aggressively and affects them as adults years later.8 The article also mentions that in 1956, a laboratory experiment has been conducted on 24_____ ______________________7 Joseph R. Dominick, The Dynamics of Mass Communication 3rd ed. (New York McGraw-Hill PublishingCompany, 1990), 530-531.8 Media Awareness Network, Research on the Effects of Media Violence, (2010),http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence.cfm .children. Researchers have divided these children into two jibe groups. The research focused on children watching television, in this case cartoons and their behavior afterwards. One of the groups watched an episode of arboriform Woodpecker, which contained violent acts, and the other watched an episode of The Little Red Hen, which was free of violence. Afterwards all 24 children were taken into the same room to play. The researchers have noticed that boys and girls, who have seen, Woody Woodpecker, acted more violently than children that have seen the non-violent one. Children who have seen an episode of Woody Woodpecker were more violent toward other children and were the ones to bre ak things. The article Research on the Effects of Media Violence mentions, Jeffrey Johnson, a professor at the University of Columbia, who for 17 years has observed 707 different families in upstate New York. He started in 1975 and concluded his studies in 2002. As a result he declared that boys and girls who were exposed to a hardly a(prenominal) hours of television on daily basis were more seeming to be aggressive as adults. He stated that 60 percent of those children were more likely to motor into fights and be aggressive toward others.9 As stated by Hunt, over the years the government has commissioned studies to invoke that media violence contributes towards aggressive behavior in children. In the 1960s two commissions have been set up by the government the National Commission on the Cause and Prevention of Violence and the Surgeon Generals scientific Advisory Committee on TV and Social Behavior to take up studies in how media violence affects children. Two methods, labora tory experiments and field studies, were used in those studies. As a result it has been determined that viewing violence on TV contributes to violent or aggressive behavior in viewers. 10going away back to what the researchers have found Smith states that, observational training, also cognise as social learning or modeling, is a form of learning in which people acquire new behavior by watching someone else perform that behavior. The person performing the behavior is known as the model, and the learner is known as the observer.11 Observational learning is the process of children imitating characters from TV and their behaviors. According to Dominick, the best known observational learning researcher is Albert Bandura and his experiment with a dick doll called Bobo doll.12____________________________9 Media Awareness Network, http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/effects_media_violence.cfm .10 Brent D. Ruben and Todd Hunt, 83.11 S.E. Smith, What is observational learn ing?, (September 8, 2010),http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-observational-learning.htm.12 Joseph R. Dominick, 540.Through the experiment that has been conducted in the 1960s by Albert Bnadura and his co-workers showed that violence on TV and movies were serving as a school of violence.13 As stated by Dominick, in one of the experiments, that Bandura performed, preschool children were seated in scarer a film in which a person acted aggressively towards a rubber doll. Children who have seen the film and were placed in the same situation with the rubber doll acted quite more violently towards the doll than those children who have not seen the film before. In novel years a similar experiment has been conducted except this time a human being dressed to kill(p) as a clown took over the role of the rubber doll. A large number of children attacked the clown with aggression although it was a smaller number than in the case of the rubber doll. However, this only pertains to the children who have seen the film. Those who have not seen it did not take up such actions. It has also been concluded from this experiment that children who were given a prize for being aggressive and who saw that the people in the movie were also being rewarded for it were utmost more violent.14 This experiment showed that children imitate actions that they see on TV. They postulate to be and act alike because they think it is acceptable to do so. I think that parents play a large role here since it is their handicraft to talk to their children and help them distinguish right from wrong.To argue the other side of this experiment, Dominick states, there is some endorse to suggest that media violence may not be entirely responsible for aggressive behavior in children. To begin with, films that are made for such experiments, as the one with the Bobo doll, are produced especially for that experiment. They are often short in length and focus on a single situation. The film usually does not show t he motives for that kind of action and the consequences that may take place after. The other point to consider is the amount of violence that children were exposed to before since it may also have an impact on how they act. If they find themselves in a surrounding that is similar, they will feel more comfortable watching it and are more likely to behave aggressively.15Viewers who are exposed to a massive amount of media violence, according to Anderson, are more likely to think of the world as the place where violence is the only way to communicate what we want and that it is composed of brutality and fear. Children who are in constant contact_______________________13 Joseph R. Dominick, 540.14 Joseph R. Dominick, 541.15 Joseph R. Dominick, 541.with media violence are more likely to accept violence in other children.16To better understand wherefore violence in mass media may have an influence on children we have to look at the amount of time that children are being exposed to such mediums every day. In the past few years, the amount of violence in mass media has greatly increased, and the amount of time that children spent in front of the television, playing video games and watching action shows.17 According to Shapley and the survey that has been conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation, todays kids are working the alike of a full-time job consuming media 7 hours and 38 minutes every day, on average. 18 These days it seems that media devices have taken over childrens lives, but that should not be a surprise since we live in a world filled with technological devices. It is more a matter of how much time parents allow their children to be exposed to such devices. Hutton stated that, the other thing that has been of great concern is that children have become masters of multitasking. They are able to divide their attention between two or more devices at the same time.19 Counting each device separately, these kids have found a way to obstruct in a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes of media content into those 7 and a half hours. 20 During that time children will witness hundreds of violent acts and for many it will be difficult to tell the difference of what is real and what is fiction. According to the article Violence in Media Entertainment, two professors from Laval University, Guy Paquette and Jacques de Guise, have carried out a study from 1993 until 2001. They have examined various programs, including children programming, on six Canadian television networks. Their studies have shown that the number of violence acts on television has risen by 378 per cent that is between the years 1993 and 2001. Violence acts on television have not just increased in number, but also in quality. Media violence has become more brutal, bloodier, uglier and due to great technology more realistic.21Many times it is shown on TV that violence is a good and adequate way to get what you______________________16Craig A. Anderson, et al., The Influence of Media Violence on spring chicken Vol. 4, No. 3 (December 2003),http//www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/pspi/pspi43.pdf .17Lindsay Hutton, The M2 Generation. Are Your Kids Too Dependent on the Media?http//life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html.18 Dan Shapley, Kids Spend nigh 55 Hours a Week Watching TV, Texting, Playing Video Games, (January20, 2010) http//www.thedailygreen.com/environmental-news/latest/kids-television-47102701.19Lindsay Hutton, http//life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html.20 Lindsay Hutton, http//life.familyeducation.com/computers/television/65248.html.21 Media Awareness Network (2010), Violence in Media Entertainment,http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/violence/violence_entertainment.cfmwant. According to the article How TV Affects your Children, youngsters are usually taught to copy the actions of good guys, but these good guys sometimes push themselves to violent acts themselves to light upon something. All parents teach t heir children that kicking, hitting or biting is wrong. On the other hand we see that television shows kids otherwise it shows them that it is acceptable for good guys to do so. Who are the children to believe? All this may lead children to become confused and disorientated. Since many children want to imitate their favorite TV characters they may push themselves to aggressive behaviors to get want they want, moreover, they may feel unsafe in their environment and fear that something bad may come their way. 22Children who are exposed to massive amounts of violence are less likely to feel any sympathy for victims of violent acts. They may get the impression that being a victim is all right. According to Cardwell and FlanaganUnder normal conditions, anxiety more or less violence inhabits its use. Media violence may, however, stimulate aggressive behavior by desensitizing children to the effects of violence. The more televised violence a child watches, the more acceptable aggressive b ehavior becomes for the child. Frequent viewing of television violence may cause children to be less anxious about violence. Therefore those who become desensitized to violence may perceive it as normal and be more likely to engage in violence themselves. 23Due to the massive exposure of media violence children become desensitized to real acts of violence. This exposure decreases the feeling of empathy and concern towards victims of real violence. Children, who watch tremendous amount of media violence, become indifferent to media violence and in the long run to the violence and victims of violence in real life.According to Gelletly and a study that Dr. David Satcher has conducted, Youth Violence A Report of the Surgeon General, media violence is a probable factor for acts of children violence. Gelletly also states that in some cases of violence there are similarities and imitations of movie characters that the children saw. Let us look at the year 1993, when a two-year-old child wa s kidnapped and murder by two eleven-year-old boys. This crime has occurred after the______________________22KidsHealth from Nemours. How TV Affects Your Childhttp//kidshealth.org/parent/positive/family/tv_affects_child.html23 Mike Cardwell and Cara Flanagan , Psychology A2. A Complete Companion, (United Kingdom NelsonThomas LTD., 2004), 52.boys have seen the movie Childs Play 3. Those two eleven-year-old boys were imitating the main characters in the movie. To shortly summarize the movie is about two boys who try to kill a doll that is possessed by evil. Another incident happened in 1995, when a group of teenagers set a New York City subway employee on fire. This has been an imitation of a dig from a movie that has been released the same year as that incident took place. In 1998, a twelve-year-old from Maryland committed suicide leaving a letter citing a cartoon character, Kenny, from the show South Park. Another eleven-year-old hangs himself and it is believed that he has been tr iggered by Kennys character to do so. It was reported that a few days before his death he mentioned a couple of times that it is OK if he dies because he will be back and everything would be normal.24 In a way media should be blamed for all these incidents because we can see a certain(prenominal) connection between media violence and real-life. We do not know the true story behind these incidents and what in reality forced these children to commit such acts, but we can see that media violence had been an inspiration for them. Additionally, Gelletly states that, it would be a mistake to deny the fact that these copycat crimes are not in a small band the result of media violence that children are being exposed to. 25Media violence and its influence have been of concern for decades. Somewhat cautiously it can be said that media violence has affected children in the past and notwithstanding is. Levine stated that, there is no question that children learn from the television shows an d movies they watch.26 By far media has the greatest influence on our children since children spend more of their free time exposed to mediums than enjoying the outside or studying. However, according to Levine, parents can take action and lower the exposure of their children to violence or take part in what they are watching.27Levine emphasis that the first step that parents should take is to limit the time that children sit in front of the television or spend time using other mediums, but most importantly parents should be a part of what their children watch. Studies have shown that shows and moviesthat children watch do not grab their parents attention.28 Less than half of all parents superintend__________________24 LeeAnne Gelletly , Violence in the Media, (Michigan Thomson Gale Corp, 2005), 62-65.25 LeeAnne Gelletly 62-65.26 Madeline Levine, See No Evil. A Guide to defend Our Children from Media Violence, (San FranciscoJossey-Bass Publishers 1998), 199.25 Madeline Levine, 199 .28 Madeline Levine, 206-207.their childs television viewing. 29 Levine stated that, the only concern that parents have when it comes to watching television is the time their children stay up. It is impossible for parents to sit at all times with their children and watch television, but at least parents should get a sense of what their children are watching.30 Once parents are somewhat aware of what their children like and are interested in, they can turn out a plan to help their child avoid the beat of what TV offers and enjoy the best. 31 If parents get the opportunity to watch television with their children they should bring up discussions about what they are watching. As said by Levine, the discussion could focus on how the cartoon character or the actor could solve its problems without the use of violence. Many times television avoids showing the consequences of violent behavior of its actors. This could advertise a discussion on what consequences would there be in real life .32 Parents should help their children understand right from wrong and help them realize that violence is not the answer to our problems and that what they see on television is not always acceptable in real life.Over the years hundreds of studies have been conducted and have shown that aggressive behaviors that children develop are the results of media violence that children have soaked up over the years. The massive amounts of violence that children are exposed to everyday make them think that violence is an efficient way in solving their problems and it may lead to real-life violence. Television has become the number one medium of visual violence. As it has been mentioned above children watch the same amount of television as if they were working a full-time job. The use of mediums takes up most of the time that children have for themselves during the day and the time that they should spend on other activities. Violence is everywhere whether in cartoons, movies, news, or the Intern et it has taken over the entertainment world and the world of our children. Parents should place boundaries at the amount of time that their children spend watching TV and limit the amount of media violence in their lives and most importantly get along discussions on media violence. Parents should not use mediums as babysitters and they should pay attention to what their children watch, play or what websites they view online._______________________29 Madeline Levine, 207.30 Madeline Levine, 208.31 Madeline Levine, 208.32 Madeline Levine, 208.